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    {%hackmd BJrTq20hE %} # 兩棲類 皆屬滑體亞綱 分為三目:**無足目(台灣無)**、**有尾目**、**無尾目** ## 有尾目 最大者為中國大鯢,最小者為侏儒無肺螈 ## 無尾目 成體尾部消失,後之通常大於前肢 具有可活動眼瞼,鼓膜明顯 大多為卵生 **台灣青蛙:共37+4種**(蟾蜍科、赤蛙科、樹蛙科...) **1. 蟾蜍科:** 具耳後腺、疣,可分泌毒液 ![](https://i.imgur.com/xtwK64b.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/iv7TPIc.png) **2. 赤蛙科:** 分佈各大洲,上頷齒狀突起,趾端缺乏間介軟骨 ![](https://i.imgur.com/kq2Seog.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/UEnXPP2.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/m8fOWjE.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/eqDiKbR.jpg) **3. 舊大陸樹蛙科:** 瞳孔水平開合,大腿內側具有色彩,趾端有肉墊吸盤 ![](https://i.imgur.com/H6lBHus.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/bTRKu33.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/l5iy1To.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/6J5Qr0U.png) # 爬行類(綱) 體表覆角質鱗,皮質腺不發達 卵生、體內受精 雄性具有陰莖或半陰莖 ### 壁虎科 分布於**溫暖區域**,身體扁平,皮膚具紋理,眼瞼不可動,瞳孔垂直(夜行)或圓形(日行) ![](https://i.imgur.com/e7yOGNA.png) ### 石龍子科 世界廣泛分布,多數可斷尾 ![](https://i.imgur.com/a7sVeED.png) ### 飛蜥科 ![](https://i.imgur.com/8AwyzOr.png) #### 蛇類: 1. 蛇類屬於爬蟲類、身體鱗片乾爽 2. 蛇類很少主動追擊,速度不快 3. 台灣蛇類共48種,僅15種有毒,且毒性弱 4. 看身體鱗片、頭部構造、顏色等判斷是否有毒 5. 許多毒蛇毒性弱,咬到頂多紅腫,被強毒蛇咬到中毒機率也只有1/3 6. 蛇可藉由地面的震動聽見聲音,但聽力微弱,只能聽見低音,有些蛇視力很好,有些則是大近視眼 7. 判斷是否有毒:頰窩、舌頭分岔 8. 蛇不會主動攻擊,是維持生態環境的重要角色,毒可做成藥劑 ![](https://i.imgur.com/dUOvyIE.jpg) ![](https://i.imgur.com/67wXC6p.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/WngbmVq.jpg) ![](https://i.imgur.com/cJrRG2q.jpg) ![](https://i.imgur.com/MH0H4CV.jpg) ![](https://i.imgur.com/AGlijn0.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/GQ1P3Kg.jpg) #### 外來種特徵: 1. 不正常的間斷分布 2. 無歷史紀錄 3. 有人為引入或放生的證據 #### 食蛇龜 雜食性、以無脊椎動物或大型動物的死屍為食物,繁殖力不高,受到強大獵捕壓力 ![](https://i.imgur.com/SPcgxfi.png)

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