UBUNTU Linux Apps and Setup

--- tags: linux apps, install apps, setup, desktop background, login screen background, pop shell, popos shell, broot, list installed apps, software, nodejs, npm, vagrant, heif --- UBUNTU Linux Apps and Setup === ## Google Chrome Download URL https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb --- ## Partition size suggestions Partition | Min.Size | Type | Notes --- | --- | --- | --- / | 50Gb | ext4 | 30Gb if you map `/var` to its own partition /home | 50Gb | ext4 | 100Gb if you map `/var/www` to here /var* | 20Gb | ext4 | Not required if you map `/var/www` to the `/home` partition /boot* | 3Gb | ext4 | Not required if you have enough space on `/` /tmp* | 10Gb | ext4 | Not required if you have enough space on `/` swap | 35Gb | (swap) | 2.5x RAM; or same as RAM if you have 16GB or more efi | 2Gb | (efs) | PopOS requires 500Mb (.5 Gb) to use the partition as efi *optional --- ## `sudo apt install ...` - [ ] gnome-tweaks - [ ] fish (shell; set terminal preferences to run command '/bin/fish') - [ ] filezilla (ftp app) - [ ] flameshot (screenshot app) - [ ] gparted (disk partition app) - [ ] inkscape (vector graphics) - [ ] gimp (photoshop alternative) - [ ] xclip (cli clipboard) - [ ] ubuntu-restricted-extras (play popular non-free media formats, including DVD, MP3, Quicktime, and Windows Media formats) - [ ] mpv (media player) - [ ] krita (paint app) - [ ] kazam (screen recorder) - [ ] calibre (ebook convertor) - [ ] neofetch (display system info) - [ ] fortune-mod (command line app to provide quotes/fortunes/jokes - `$ fortune`) - [ ] fortunes (fortune files for fortune-mod) - [ ] openssh-server (handles ssh - server and agent) - [ ] xz-utils (handles xz compressed files) - [ ] nitrogen (background that spans monitors; 'nitrogen ~/Picturest') - [ ] deepin-terminal (set keyboard shortcut to super-t) - [ ] plocate (cli locate tool - `locate <str>`) - [ ] byobu (multi-screen in cli) - [ ] net-tools (ifconfig, route, arp, hostname, netstat, mii-tool, nameif, plipconfig, rarp, slattach) - [ ] mosh (robust, responsive, replacement for ssh) - [ ] zfsutils-linux (for ZFS drives - "sudo zpool import zfspool") - [ ] papirus-icon-theme (use gnome tweak to change icons) - [ ] git (Git distributed version control) - [ ] lm-sensors (cli command to show cpu temperature - `sudo sensors` or `watch -n 2 sensors`)) - [ ] nodejs - [ ] npm - [ ] shotwell - [ ] htop - [ ] webp (convert images to webp format - see below for details) - [ ] tlp (laptop battery life optimizer) - [ ] gnome-console (new gnome console - /usr/bin/kgx) - [ ] variety (set up alternating desktop backgrounds) - [ ] flatpak (Flatpak is a package management and software distribution system) - [ ] ncdu (cli-based file storage manager) - [ ] duf (pretty version of df) - [ ] ripgrep (`grep` improved; usage: `rg`) - [ ] mtr (ping + tracert) - [ ] fd-find (`find` improved; usage: `fdfind` or create alias to `fd`) - [ ] fzf (fuzzy find) - [ ] ranger (cli-based file explorer) - [ ] eza (improved `ls`; usage: `exa -T` -- tree view) - [ ] glances (improved top/htop) - [ ] iotop (`top` for disk usage) - [ ] dstat (iostat + vmstat + + ifstat + netstat) - [ ] progress (see the progress of certain commands) - [ ] ipcalc (ip calculator - subnetting cheater!) - [ ] wormhole (encrypted file-transfer) - [ ] moreutils (https://rentes.github.io/unix/utilities/2015/07/27/moreutils-package/) - [ ] unp (unpack any archive) - [ ] jq (format json output) - [ ] taskwarrior (task-management in CLI; https://taskwarrior.org/docs/) >#### One-liner... ```bash= sudo apt install vim xz-utils gnome-tweaks fish filezilla flameshot gparted inkscape gimp xclip ubuntu-restricted-extras mpv krita calibre neofetch fortune-mod fortunes openssh-server fonts-terminus fonts-firacode plocate snapd net-tools byobu mosh zfsutils-linux papirus-icon-theme git lm-sensors nodejs npm python3 python3-pip shotwell webp htop gnome-console tlp variety nala ncdu duf mtr fd-find fzf ranger zoxide eza glances iotop dstat progress ipcalc wormhole moreutils unp jq taskwarrior -y ``` --- ## `sudo snap install ...` - [ ] spotify (streaming music) - [ ] chromium (web browser) - [ ] code --classic (Visual Studio Code - code editor) - [ ] cool-retro-term --classic - [ ] meteo (desktop weather app with maps) - [ ] starship (bash prompt customizer) - [ ] jupyter (python IDE) - [ ] dog (improved `dig`) - [ ] procs (prettier version of `ps`) ```bash= sudo snap install spotify sudo snap install --classic code ``` --- ## other installs ... - [ ] [Google Chrome (.deb)](https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb) - [ ] [Fake HDR](http://www.gimpology.com/submission/view/fake_hdr_look_in_gimp) - [ ] [WPS office](http://wps-community.org/downloads) - [ ] [Balena Etcher: ISO burner](https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/45055693/2a01dc48-7b81-485f-8d36-14661a87d184?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWNJYAX4CSVEH53A%2F20220325%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20220325T212433Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=013a4c16ada78b5e2572fd5644f38d9d8268a5edb5ab8c7815b921876e8d0561&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&actor_id=0&key_id=0&repo_id=45055693&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dbalena-etcher-electron-1.7.8-linux-x64.zip&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream) - [ ] [Solaar (logitech unify)](https://pwr.github.io/Solaar/) - [ ] [AMPPS: Web App solution](https://www.ampps.com/downloads) - [ ] [KVM/Virt-Manager: Virtual Machine app](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation) - [ ] [XnConvert: Image Batch Convertor](https://www.xnview.com/en/xnconvert/) - [ ] [VS Code (.deb)](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=760868) - [ ] [Remarkable: Markdown Editor/Viewer](https://remarkableapp.github.io/linux/download.html) - [ ] [zoxide: Intelligent `cd`](https://github.com/ajeetdsouza/zoxide) - [ ] [dog command; improved `dig`](https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/use-dog-linux-dns-client/) --- ## *Pop!_OS theme* ```bash= sudo add-apt-repository ppa:system76/pop sudo apt-get update sudo apt install pop-icon-theme pop-gtk-theme pop-gnome-shell-theme sudo apt install pop-wallpapers ``` --- ## _Install Freecad_ ```bash= sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install freecad ``` --- ## _Install Super Tuxcart_ ```bash= sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stk/dev sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install supertuxkart ``` --- ## _HandBrake_ https://launchpad.net/~stebbins/+archive/ubuntu/handbrake-releases HandBrake is an open-source, GPL-licensed, multiplatform, multithreaded video transcoder, available for MacOS X, Linux and Windows. ```bash= sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases sudo apt-get update ``` Install the HandBrake gtk gui with the command: ```bash= sudo apt install handbrake-gtk ``` And you can install the HandBrake CLI with the command: ```bash= apt install handbrake-cli ``` > Also see... > - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats/PlayingDVDs > - https://www.dvdfab.cn/resource/dvd/how-to-rip-dvd-with-handbrake > - https://askubuntu.com/questions/1094062/libdvd-pkg-apt-get-check-failed-you-may-have-broken-packages-aborting --- ## _DockBarX_ https://github.com/M7S/dockbarx#install-in-ubuntu-from-ppa ```bash= sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xuzhen666/dockbarx sudo apt update sudo apt install dockbarx ``` --- ## _Change Login Screen background_ https://github.com/thiggy01/change-gdm-background ```bash= $ sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev-bin $ wget github.com/thiggy01/change-gdm-background/raw/master/change-gdm-background $ chmod +x change-gdm-background $ sudo ./change-gdm-background /path/to/image ``` Restore with `$ sudo ./change-gdm-background --restore` --- ## _Pop!\_OS shell - =tiling window manager_ https://www.linuxuprising.com/2020/05/how-to-install-pop-shell-tiling.html ```bash= $ sudo apt install node-typescript make git $ git clone https://github.com/pop-os/shell $ cd shell $ make local-install <-- do not use sudo; only run in bash ``` - May take a long time to finish; ctrl-c and reboot if it loops - If it completes successfully, Gnome will restart - If you get an error, restart the computer, go back to the shell directory and try make local-install again --- ## broot: file tree viewer https://packages.azlux.fr/ ```bash= $ echo "deb http://packages.azlux.fr/debian/ buster main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azlux.list $ wget -qO - https://azlux.fr/repo.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install broot ``` --- ## Make desktop background change automatically with Shotwell 1. `sudo apt install shotwell` 2. Open Shotwell 3. File > Import from folder... (Ctrl + I) 4. Select all pictures to use as backgrounds 5. File > Set as desktop slideshow (Ctrl + B) 6. In pop-up, set delay and Desktop and/or Lock Screen 7. Close after imported --- ## Add grub to PopOS https://jacci.net/linux/pop-os/how-to-install-grub-on-pop-os-20-04/ --- ## `grub-customizer` ```bash= $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install grub-customizer ``` Then launch grub-customizer from the applications (super+a) --- ## Change default terminal `sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator` --- ## VS Code setup https://www.tabnine.com (from https://www.codota.com/) --- ## NodeJS ```bash= curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x -o nodesource_setup.sh chmod +x nodesource_setup.sh sudo ./nodesource_setup.sh node -v npm -v ``` --- ### Guest Additions iso - https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox - Search by VirtualBox version (found on the Help>About splash screen) ## Vagrant recovery **ISSUE** ~ "The VirtualBox VM was created with a user that doesn't match the current user running Vagrant." **FIX** ~ `echo 1000 > .vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/creator_uid` --- ## [.vimrc file](https://hackmd.io/f0GFxHrxQRafClIab7nvKw) --- ## Convert images (jpg, png, tiff, raw) to .webp `sudo apt install webp` To convert to 60% quality... `cwebp -q 60 "<image.file>" -o "<image.file>.webp"` --- ## Dual-boot clock time issue https://www.howtogeek.com/323390/how-to-fix-windows-and-linux-showing-different-times-when-dual-booting/ `sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock` --- ## PopOS/systemd-boot dual boot https://github.com/spxak1/weywot/blob/main/Pop_OS_Dual_Boot.md 1. `sudo apt install os-prober` 1. `sudo os-prober`. The output is `/dev/sdb1@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi:Windows Boot Manager:Windows:efi` 1. `sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt` (you can find your drive in the first part of the os-prober's output) 1. `sudo cp -ax /mnt/EFI/Microsoft /boot/efi/EFI` (you can find the folder after the word efi in os-prober's output. It's always Microsoft but you need capital EFI when copying. 1. `reboot`. Spam your spacebar for the menu. Select with arrows, add timeout with "t" or reduce with "T" (+/- also work), select default with "d". Hold "l" to boot linux after POST or "w" to boot Windows after POST without visiting the menu. --- ## Brave Browser https://brave.com/linux/#release-channel-installation ```bash= $ sudo apt install apt-transport-https curl $ sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg $ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg arch=amd64] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main"|sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install brave-browser ``` --- ## Upgrade node.js to latest stable version ```bash= $ sudo npm cache clean -f $ sudo npm install -g n $ sudo n stable ``` --- ## flatpak ```bash= $ sudo apt install flatpak gnome-software-plugin-flatpak gnome-software $ flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo $ sudo reboot ``` --- ## `nala`: apt alternative https://gitlab.com/volian/nala#installation (NOTE: This is in the apt-install section; don't need to do all this) ```bash= $ echo "deb http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list $ wget -qO - https://deb.volian.org/volian/scar.key | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.gpg > /dev/null $ echo "deb-src http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list $ sudo apt update; sudo apt install nala ``` > #### One-liner ```bash= echo "deb http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list; wget -qO - https://deb.volian.org/volian/scar.key | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.gpg > /dev/null; echo "deb-src http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list; $ sudo apt update; sudo apt install nala -y ``` --- ## Set default editor `sudo update-alternatives --config editor` --- ## sudo: no password 1. Create a group: `sudo groupadd sudo-nopasswd` 2. Add the user to the group: `usermod -aG sudo-nopasswd <user>` 3. Run the following command: `sudo visudo` 4. Add the following to the BOTTOM of the file ```bash= # Allow members of the sudo-nopassswd group to sudo with no password %sudo-nopasswd ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL ``` >**IMPORTANT**... >- '%' before the groupname indicates a group; or else it's considered a username >- Must have a space after "NOPASSWD: " --- ## Connect /SHARED partition 1. Get the UUID for the partion with `blkid` 2. Add the line to the /etc/fstab file ```bash= $ vim /etc/fstab $ UUID={UUID from blkid command} /shared ntfs-3g defaults,rw 0 0 ``` --- ## NTFS partition /EXTRA In /etc/fstab... `UUID=C6325F95325F8977 /EXTRA ntfs rw,auto,user,fmask=133,dmask=022,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0` If the NTFS drive become read-only... `sudo ntfsfix /dev/nvme0n1p4` ...use `df` to make sure you have the right partition --- ## HEIC to JPG image converter Install... - `sudo apt install libheif-examples` Convert one image... - `heif-convert -q 100 image.HEIC new-image.jpg` Batch convert... - `for f in *.HEIC; do heif-convert -q 100 $f $f.jpg; done` Find and convert... - `find . -iname "*.heic" -exec heif-convert -q 100 {} {}.jpg \;` --- ## Install docker - BEST ARTICLE; clickable copy https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-docker-on-ubuntu-22-04 --- ## List installed apps to a file 1. Applications installed with `apt`; this stores the line with the first occurrence of "Exec" in each .desktop file in the /usr/share/applications directory > `grep -m1 Exec /usr/share/applications/*.desktop > ~/apps-installed-by-apt.txt` > `for app in /usr/share/applications/*.desktop; do echo "${app:24:-8}"; done` 2. Snap applications; this stores the tabular output > `snap list > ~/apps-installed-by-snap.txt` 3. Flatpak applications; store the application name only > `flatpak list -columns=application > ~/apps-installed-by-snap.txt` --- ## `mkcd`: `mkdir` and `cd` into that directory 1. Add this to your `~/.bashrc` file ```bash= function mkcd(){ mkdir $1; cd $1; } ``` 2. Usage: `mkcd <newdir>` ```bash you@host:~$ mkcd <new-dir> [enter] you@host:~/<new-dir>$ _ ``` --- ## OH MY BASH Github: https://github.com/ohmybash/oh-my-bash ```bash= bash -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmybash/oh-my-bash/master/tools/install.sh -O -)" ``` This replaces `~/.bashrc` with the version provided by Oh My Bash. The original `.bashrc` is backed up with the name `~/.bashrc`.omb-TIMESTAMP. If `~/.bash_profile` does not exist, this also creates a new file `~/.bash_profile` with the default contents. ⚠️ If `~/.bash_profile` already existed before Oh My Bash is installed, please make sure that`~/.bash_profile` contains the line source `~/.bashrc` or . `~/.bashrc`. If not, please add the following three lines in `~/.bash_profile`: ```bash= if [[ -f ~/.bashrc ]]; then source ~/.bashrc fi ``` --- ## Install `ubuntu-desktop` on Ubuntu Server instance \>**NEEDS MORE RESEARCH**\< By default, Ubuntu server has no GUI; it is managed through the CLI and usually done remotely. Sometimes you may want a GUI desktop for local management and to be able to use a remote desktop client (VNC) \*!! **THIS MAY DISABLE NETWORK CONNECTIVITY** !!\* ```bash= > sudo apt install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop ``` This installs the Ubuntu version of the Gnome Desktop but without the additional, recommended software - creating a minimal installation. --- ## LazyDocker: CLI based docker management https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazydocker/blob/master/README.md --- ## asciinema: Record terminal sessions https://asciinema.org/ ...also see `agg` --- ## Fabric: AI for CLI https://github.com/danielmiessler/fabric --- ## Alternatives to CLI tools [`ripgrep`](https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep) **grep**, but make it fast [`fd`](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd) **find** without tears [`bat`](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat) **cat** but cute [`exa`](https://github.com/ogham/exa) **ls** but classy [`procs`](https://github.com/dalance/procs) **process** viewer that doesn’t suck [`dust`](https://github.com/bootandy/dust) **du** with visuals [`bottom`](https://github.com/ClementTsang/bottom) the **htop** killer [`tokei`](https://github.com/XAMPPRocky/tokei) codebase stats you’ll actually use [`bandwhich`](https://github.com/imsnif/bandwhich) see who’s hogging your internet

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# Header	Header	基本排版
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[link text](https:// "title")	Link
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`Code`	`Code`	在筆記中貼入程式碼
```javascript var i = 0; ```	`var i = 0;`
:smile:		Emoji list
{%youtube youtube_id %}	Externals
$L^aT_eX$	L^aT_eX
:::info This is a alert area. :::	This is a alert area.