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tags: linux apps, install apps, setup, desktop background, login screen background, pop shell, popos shell, broot, list installed apps, software, nodejs, npm, vagrant, heif
---
UBUNTU Linux Apps and Setup
===
## Partition size suggestions
Partition | Size | Type | Notes
--- | --- | --- | ---
/ | 30Gb | ext4 | 50Gb+ if you include `/var` and `/tmp`
/home | 50Gb | ext4 | 100Gb if you map `/var/www` to here
/var* | 20Gb | ext4 | Not required if you map `/var/www` to the `/home` partition
/boot* | 3Gb | ext4 | Not required if you have enough space on `/`
/tmp* | 10Gb | ext4 | Not required if you have enough space on `/`
swap | 35Gb | (swap) | 2.5x RAM; or same as RAM if you have 16GB or more
efi | 2Gb | (efs) | PopOS requires 500Mb (.5 Gb) to use the partition as efi
*optional
---
## `sudo apt install ...`
- [ ] gnome-tweaks
- [ ] fish (shell; set terminal preferences to run command '/bin/fish')
- [ ] filezilla (ftp app)
- [ ] flameshot (screenshot app)
- [ ] gparted (disk partition app)
- [ ] inkscape (vector graphics)
- [ ] gimp (photoshop alternative)
- [ ] xclip (cli clipboard)
- [ ] ubuntu-restricted-extras (play popular non-free media formats, including DVD, MP3, Quicktime, and Windows Media formats)
- [ ] mpv (media player)
- [ ] krita (paint app)
- [ ] kazam (screen recorder)
- [ ] calibre (ebook convertor)
- [ ] neofetch (display system info)
- [ ] fortune-mod (command line app to provide quotes/fortunes/jokes - `$ fortune`)
- [ ] fortunes (fortune files for fortune-mod)
- [ ] openssh-server (handles ssh - server and agent)
- [ ] xz-utils (handles xz compressed files)
- [ ] nitrogen (background that spans monitors; 'nitrogen ~/Picturest')
- [ ] deepin-terminal (set keyboard shortcut to super-t)
- [ ] mlocate (cli locate tool - `locate <str>`)
- [ ] byobu (multi-screen in cli)
- [ ] net-tools (ifconfig, route, arp, hostname, netstat, mii-tool, nameif, plipconfig, rarp, slattach)
- [ ] mosh (robust, responsive, replacement for ssh)
- [ ] zfsutils-linux (for ZFS drives - "sudo zpool import zfspool")
- [ ] papirus-icon-theme (use gnome tweak to change icons)
- [ ] git (Git distributed version control)
- [ ] lm-sensors (cli command to show cpu temperature - `sudo sensors` or `watch -n 2 sensors`))
- [ ] nodejs
- [ ] npm
- [ ] shotwell
- [ ] htop
- [ ] webp (convert images to webp format - see below for details)
- [ ] tlp (laptop battery life optimizer)
- [ ] gnome-console (new gnome console - /usr/bin/kgx)
- [ ] variety (set up alternating desktop backgrounds)
- [ ] flatpak (Flatpak is a package management and software distribution system)
#### One-liner...
```
sudo apt install vim xz-utils gnome-tweaks fish filezilla flameshot gparted inkscape gimp xclip ubuntu-restricted-extras mpv krita calibre neofetch fortune-mod fortunes openssh-server fonts-terminus fonts-firacode mlocate snapd net-tools byobu mosh zfsutils-linux papirus-icon-theme git lm-sensors nodejs npm python3 python3-pip shotwell webp htop gnome-console tlp variety nala -y
```
---
## `sudo snap install ...`
- [ ] spotify (streaming music)
- [ ] chromium (web browser)
- [ ] code --classic (Visual Studio Code - code editor)
- [ ] cool-retro-term --classic
- [ ] meteo (desktop weather app with maps)
- [ ] starship (bash prompt customizer)
- [ ] jupyter (python IDE)
```
sudo snap install spotify
sudo snap install --classic code
```
---
## other installs ...
- [ ] [Google Chrome (.deb)](https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb)
- [ ] [Fake HDR](http://www.gimpology.com/submission/view/fake_hdr_look_in_gimp)
- [ ] [WPS office](http://wps-community.org/downloads)
- [ ] [Balena Etcher: ISO burner](https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/45055693/2a01dc48-7b81-485f-8d36-14661a87d184?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWNJYAX4CSVEH53A%2F20220325%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20220325T212433Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=013a4c16ada78b5e2572fd5644f38d9d8268a5edb5ab8c7815b921876e8d0561&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&actor_id=0&key_id=0&repo_id=45055693&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dbalena-etcher-electron-1.7.8-linux-x64.zip&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream)
- [ ] [Solaar (logitech unify)](https://pwr.github.io/Solaar/)
- [ ] [AMPPS: Web App solution](https://www.ampps.com/downloads)
- [ ] [KVM/Virt-Manager: Virtual Machine app](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation)
- [ ] [XnConvert: Image Batch Convertor](https://www.xnview.com/en/xnconvert/)
- [ ] [VS Code (.deb)](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=760868)
---
### *Pop!_OS theme*
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:system76/pop
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install pop-icon-theme pop-gtk-theme pop-gnome-shell-theme
sudo apt install pop-wallpapers
```
---
### _Install Freecad_
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freecad-maintainers/freecad-stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install freecad
```
---
### _Install Super Tuxcart_
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stk/dev
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install supertuxkart
```
---
### _HandBrake_
https://launchpad.net/~stebbins/+archive/ubuntu/handbrake-releases
HandBrake is an open-source, GPL-licensed, multiplatform, multithreaded video transcoder, available for MacOS X, Linux and Windows.
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases
sudo apt-get update
```
Install the HandBrake gtk gui with the command:
```sudo apt install handbrake-gtk```
And you can install the HandBrake CLI with the command:
```apt install handbrake-cli```
---
### _DockBarX_
https://github.com/M7S/dockbarx#install-in-ubuntu-from-ppa
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xuzhen666/dockbarx
sudo apt update
sudo apt install dockbarx
```
---
### _Change Login Screen background_
https://github.com/thiggy01/change-gdm-background
```
$ sudo apt install libglib2.0-dev-bin
$ wget github.com/thiggy01/change-gdm-background/raw/master/change-gdm-background
$ chmod +x change-gdm-background
$ sudo ./change-gdm-background /path/to/image
```
Restore with
`$ sudo ./change-gdm-background --restore`
---
### _Pop!\_OS shell - =tiling window manager_
https://www.linuxuprising.com/2020/05/how-to-install-pop-shell-tiling.html
```
$ sudo apt install node-typescript make git
$ git clone https://github.com/pop-os/shell
$ cd shell
$ make local-install <-- do not use sudo; only run in bash
```
- May take a long time to finish; ctrl-c and reboot if it loops
- If it completes successfully, Gnome will restart
- If you get an error, restart the computer, go back to the shell directory and try make local-install again
---
### broot: file tree viewer
https://packages.azlux.fr/
```
$ echo "deb http://packages.azlux.fr/debian/ buster main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azlux.list
$ wget -qO - https://azlux.fr/repo.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install broot
```
---
### Make desktop background change automatically with Shotwell
1. `sudo apt install shotwell`
2. Open Shotwell
3. File > Import from folder... (Ctrl + I)
4. Select all pictures to use as backgrounds
5. File > Set as desktop slideshow (Ctrl + B)
6. In pop-up, set delay and Desktop and/or Lock Screen
7. Close after imported
---
### Get list of installed applications
`for app in /usr/share/applications/*.desktop; do echo "${app:24:-8}"; done`
---
### Add grub to PopOS
https://jacci.net/linux/pop-os/how-to-install-grub-on-pop-os-20-04/
---
### `grub-customizer`
```
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install grub-customizer
```
Then launch grub-customizer from the applications (super+a)
---
### Change default terminal
1. Add deepin-terminal as an alternative
**`sudo update-alternaitves --install <link> <name> <path><priority>`**
`sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator`
2. Select the deepin-terminal
`sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator`
---
### VS Code setup
https://www.tabnine.com (from https://www.codota.com/)
---
### NodeJS
```
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x -o nodesource_setup.sh
chmod +x nodesource_setup.sh
sudo ./nodesource_setup.sh
node -v
npm -v
```
---
### Vagrant recovery
**ISSUE**
~ "The VirtualBox VM was created with a user that doesn't match the
current user running Vagrant."
**FIX**
~ `echo 1000 > .vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/creator_uid`
---
### [Linux Setup for Inspiron 16 Plus (7610)](https://hackmd.io/P2MdL3UiRAWz47vtbbQJUA)
---
### [.vimrc file](https://hackmd.io/f0GFxHrxQRafClIab7nvKw)
---
### Convert images (jpg, png, tiff, raw) to .webp
`sudo apt install webp`
To convert to 60% quality...
`cwebp -q 60 "<image.file>" -o "<image.file>.webp"`
---
### Dual-boot clock time issue
https://www.howtogeek.com/323390/how-to-fix-windows-and-linux-showing-different-times-when-dual-booting/
`sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock`
---
### Connect /SHARED partition
1. Get the UUID for the partion with `blikid`
2. Add the line to the /etc/fstab file
```
$ vim /etc/fstab
$ UUID={UUID from blkid command} /shared ntfs-3g default,rw 0 0
```
---
### PopOS/systemd-boot dual boot
https://github.com/spxak1/weywot/blob/main/Pop_OS_Dual_Boot.md
1. `sudo apt install os-prober`
1. `sudo os-prober`. The output is `/dev/sdb1@/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi:Windows Boot Manager:Windows:efi`
1. `sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt` (you can find your drive in the first part of the os-prober's output)
1. `sudo cp -ax /mnt/EFI/Microsoft /boot/efi/EFI` (you can find the folder after the word efi in os-prober's output. It's always Microsoft but you need capital EFI when copying.
1. `reboot`. Spam your spacebar for the menu. Select with arrows, add timeout with "t" or reduce with "T" (+/- also work), select default with "d". Hold "l" to boot linux after POST or "w" to boot Windows after POST without visiting the menu.
---
## Brave Browser
https://brave.com/linux/#release-channel-installation
```
$ sudo apt install apt-transport-https curl
$ sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/brave-browser-archive-keyring.gpg arch=amd64] https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com/ stable main"|sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brave-browser-release.list
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install brave-browser
```
---
## Upgrade node.js to latest stable version
```
$ sudo npm cache clean -f
$ sudo npm install -g n
$ sudo n stable
```
---
## flatpak
```
$ sudo apt install flatpak gnome-software-plugin-flatpak gnome-software
$ flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
$ sudo reboot
```
---
## `nala`: apt alternative
https://gitlab.com/volian/nala#installation
(NOTE: This is in the apt-install section; don't need to do all this)
```
$ echo "deb http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list
$ wget -qO - https://deb.volian.org/volian/scar.key | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.gpg > /dev/null
$ echo "deb-src http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list
$ sudo apt update; sudo apt install nala
```
#### One-liner
```
echo "deb http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list; wget -qO - https://deb.volian.org/volian/scar.key | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.gpg > /dev/null; echo "deb-src http://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list; $ sudo apt update; sudo apt install nala -y
```
---
## Set default editor
`sudo update-alternatives --config editor`
---
## sudo: no password
Run the following command
`sudo visudo`
Add the following to the BOTTOM of the file and substitute 'username'
for your own linux username - IMPORTANT to have a space after NOPASSWD:
```
# Allow these users to sudo with no password
username ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
```
---
## NTFS partition /EXTRA
In /etc/fstab...
`UUID=C6325F95325F8977 /EXTRA ntfs rw,auto,user,fmask=133,dmask=022,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0`
If the NTFS drive become read-only...
`sudo ntfsfix /dev/nvme0n1p4`
...use `df` to make sure you have the right partition
---
## HEIC to JPG image converter
Install...
- `sudo apt install libheif-examples`
Convert one image...
- `heif-convert -q 100 image.HEIC new-image.jpg`
Batch convert...
- `for f in *.HEIC; do heif-convert -q 100 $f $f.jpg; done`
Find and convert...
- `find . -iname "*.heic" -exec heif-convert -q 100 {} {}.jpg \;`
---
## Install docker - BEST ARTICLE; clickable copy
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-docker-on-ubuntu-22-04