weii
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    第二節:執行環境與詞彙環境 == ###### tags: `JavaScript` ## <font color="#3733FF">全域環境與全域物件</font> 當我們看到JavaScript程式被執行時,是看到execution context執行環境被建立和執行,還會有base execution context 基礎執行環境,它也可以稱作是 global execution context 全域執行環境 在全域環境會創建兩個東西,一個是全域物件global object,另一個是特殊變數 this。 一般來說,在全域環境中this會指向window,因為我們在瀏覽器裡執行JavaScript,但如果我們是在伺服器執行node.js,會是個不同的物件。 ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B17VnRLDn.png =80%x) 在瀏覽器中,我們看到的就是window物件,還創造了this,,在全域中,這兩個東西是相同的,當程式碼或變數不在function裡面,就是全域物件 ## <font color="#3733FF">執行環境:creation and hoisting</font> ```javascript console.log(a) // undefined b() // Called b const a = "Hello" function b { console.log("Called b") } ``` 在creation階段裡,當語法解析器執行我們寫的程式碼,會知道我們在哪裡創造變數和函數,所以變數和函數被設定在記憶體裡,稱為Hoisting ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJbYMkDPh.png =80%x) 他不是把程式碼移到最上面,而是在執行逐行程式碼之前,JavaScript已經為變數和函數在記憶體中建立一個空間了。 但變數比較不同的是,當它看到 = 等號,會先為a空出記憶體空間,但它還不知道會是什麼值,要等到被執行才知道,所以才會收到undefined 為了避免hoisting的問題,還是要寫成這樣比較好 ```javascript const a = "Hello" function b() { console.log("Called b") } console.log(a) b() ``` ## <font color="#3733FF">函數、環境與變數環境</font> ```javascript function b() { let myVar } function a() { let myVar = 2 b() } let myVar = 1 a() //undefined ``` 每個執行環境都有自己的變數環境,在呼叫b()時,這個變數沒有被設定成任何值,雖然myVar被宣告三次,但都是獨立的 ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hk_I81vwn.png) 逐一印出 ```javascript function b() { let myVar console.log(myVar) //undefined } function a() { let myVar = 2 console.log(myVar) // 2 b() } let myVar = 1 console.log(myVar) // 1 a() ``` ## <font color="#3733FF">The scope chain</font> 同樣的範例,不在function b 中宣告myVar,而是console.log,得到的myVar會是1 ```javascript function b() { console.log(myVar) // 1 } function a() { let myVar = 2 b() } let myVar = 1 console.log(myVar) // 1 a() ``` ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyLtJewDh.png =80%x) 範例二: b是在a被執行時,創造出來的,所以a 是b的外部環境,b會是a的環境找有沒有變數myVar,我們會得到console.log是2,如果a裡面也沒有,才會到全域去找,這就叫scope chain ```javascript function a() { function b() { console.log(myVar) // 2 } let myVar = 2 b() } let myVar = 1 console.log(myVar) a() ``` ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkLKyewPn.png =80%x) ## <font color="#3733FF">關於非同步回呼</font> asynchronous : more than one at a time 非同步代表在一個時間點,可能有一段程式在執行時會開始執行另一段程式,然後又會再執行另一段程式,這些程式碼在JavaScript引擎內是同時在執行的 ![](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJ55vxPD2.png) JS Engine內的等待列稱為event queue,裡面都是事件、事件通知,譬如click、Http Request,準備要發生的,所以當瀏覽器,有需要被通知的事件,就會在JS Engine內被放到佇列裡,而佇列裡的事件會等到執行堆空了才會處理事件

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password

    or

    By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully