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    # <font class="h2">this 簡易呼叫simple call</font> ###### tags: `javascript` <style> .h2 { background: linear-gradient(135deg,#fff,#537479) ; color: #537479; display:block; padding: 6px 5px; border-radius: 4px; } .h3 { background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 50%,#c9d5d4) ; color: #537479; display:block; padding: 6px 5px; border-bottom: 3px solid #537479; } .h4 { color: #537479; font-weight:bold; font-size:1.1em; } </style> :::info 盡可能不要使用simple call的this simple call的this會指向全域 ::: ```javascript var myName = '真心話大冒險' function callName(){ console.log(this,this.myName); } callName();//'真心話大冒險' ``` 這裡直接呼叫`callName`的方式就是simple call simple call不是看你呼叫的位置,而是依據呼叫方式而定 :bulb:簡單來說,只要看到一個函式是直接執行就屬於simple call <br> ### <font class="h4">範例一-立即函式:</font> ```javascript var myName = '真心話大冒險'; function callName() { console.log(this, this.myName); } (function () { console.log(this.myName); function callSomeone() { console.log(this.myName); } callSomeone(); })(); //真心話大冒險 //真心話大冒險 ``` 這裡立即函式裡面並沒有定義`myName`,所以`this.myName`會直接調用外層的全域的`真心話大冒險` 立即函式裡面還有一個`callSomeone()`函式,這裡直接呼叫`callSomeon()`方式也是屬於simple call <br><br> ### <font class="h4">範例二-閉包形式:</font> ```javascript var myName = '真心話大冒險'; function callName() { console.log(this, this.myName); } function easyCard(base) { var money = base; var name = '悠遊卡'; return function(update){ money = money + update; console.log(this.myName, money); } } var MingEasyCard = easyCard(100); MingEasyCard(10);//真心話大冒險 110 ``` 閉包是在一個函式內再定義另一個函式,並且去取用它外層函式的變數。 這裡`MingEasyCard(10)`直接調用閉包裡面的函式,也屬於simple call <br><br> ### <font class="h4">範例三-callback function形式:</font> ```javascript var myName = '真心話大冒險'; function callName() { console.log(this, this.myName); } function myEasyCard(callback){ var money = 100 return callback(money) } myEasyCard(function(money){ console.log(this.myName,money + 100) });//真心話大冒險 200 ``` callback就是將一個函式傳到另外一個函式內,並且在另外一個函式內執行 那麼在另一個函式執行的`callback(money)`依然是屬於simple call,那麼simple call的this就會指向全域。 這裡`this.myName`的指向依然會指向全域的`真心話大冒險` <br><br> ### <font class="h4">範例四-內建callback函式:forEach形式:</font> ```javascript var myName = '真心話大冒險'; function callName() { console.log(this, this.myName); } var a = [1,2,3]; a.forEach(function(i){ console.log(this.myName,i); }) //真心話大冒險 1 //真心話大冒險 2 //真心話大冒險 3 ``` `function(i)`是屬於callBack function也是屬於simple call,this就會指向全域 <br><br> ### <font class="h4">範例五:</font> ```javascript var myName = '真心話大冒險'; function callName() { console.log(this, this.myName); } var family = { myName:'小明家', callName:function(){ setTimeout(function(){ console.log(this.myName) },1000); } } family.callName();//真心話大冒險 ``` 先前提到當我使用像`family.callName()`這種形式執行時候,後面`callName()`的this會指向`family`物件。 但是`faimly`物件裡面`callName`屬性會執行另外一段函式,`setTimeout function`依然屬於callback function,所以這一段依然是屬於simple call ,所以它的this依然是指向window :bulb:我們不用看這個函式在哪裡執行,重點是它是怎麼去執行它 <br> ```javascript var myName = '真心話大冒險'; function callName() { console.log(this, this.myName); } var family = { myName:'小明家', callName:function(){ var self =this; setTimeout(function(){ console.log(self.myName) },1000); } } family.callName();//小明家 ``` 如果希望this不要指向全域,而是指向`family`物件 在裡面函式`setTimeout`的外層定義一個變數去指向this:`var self =this` 並且原本要執行的`this.myName`套用這個變數`self.myName`,這樣就可以取到外層的這個物件(`family`) :bulb:`slef`也會有很多不同取名,很多情況也可以取作`vm`,`that`,看開發者習慣而定

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