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    {%hackmd BJrTq20hE %} ###### tags: `我的部落格` # 為什麼投入美股?投資一周年心得 下個禮拜剛好是我做美股投資以後滿一年,想起去年的這個時候遇到疫情大跌,還曾經跟著鄉民老師放空,結果被尬空快一個月,直到意識到股市並不是這麼容易可以掌握後,才開始正視投資這一件事情。 偶然在網路上看到PTT的這篇文章[【心得】 我的被動型ETF投資方式及心得 (綠角)](https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Stock/M.1523074420.A.B23.html) 後,才開始認真研究什麼是被動投資,那時候其實我完全不了解為什麼會有人想要用這種賺很慢的方法,直接all in某一支飆股不是可以賺更多,怎麼還會有人用這麼阿Q的玩法?當時有點死馬當活馬醫,直接按照這個人的做法去開了美股帳戶,資產配置的部分則是參考當時在網路上的全球佈局方法(我現在找不到該篇文章了...),搭配簡單的美國公債做避險,就這樣開啟了我的美股投資之路。 做美股的人很少,不外乎是:有台股了何必做美股、開戶流程繁複、都是英文看不懂、沒有閒錢很麻煩不想用...等,經過了一年的使用心得,其實一點都不困難,反而是投入美股之後,才真正認識到投資應該要有的正確心態。 ### 一、廣泛投資分散風險 小時候我們都學過:不要將雞蛋放在同一個籃子裡面,這個觀念就是最簡單的分散風險,在股市裡這句話更是重要!分散風險參與市場才是股市裡必勝的法門。如何才能夠分散風險呢?答案是持有市場全部的股票。 在台灣,最好的全市場股票是0050,但嚴格來說0050持股只有包含了台灣市值前50家的公司,占全市場約七成,也沒有包含到上櫃公司,所以常常會看到某些生技股大漲,0050卻沒有動靜,然而這已經是台灣最好的指數型ETF了。 而在美國,你可以輕易地買到全美國市場、國外地區的指數型ETF,甚至還有單一個標的是直接投資全世界,可以將風險直接分散到全球,不用去賭哪個市場會漲,也不用承受單一市場的大跌,除非世界爆炸,不然你的投資都是緊跟著全球! ### 二、成本極低 在台灣有很多常見的基金、保險等,如果你有興趣可以上[MoneyDJ網站](https://www.moneydj.com/funddj/yp/yp011000.djhtm?a=ACNC47)查查看,這些產品的內扣費用有多可怕,超過2%的商品比比皆是;就算是在台灣的證交所交易,也會被券商收手續費證交稅,這些費用扣起來也十分可觀,多次來回進出市場手續費就扣掉你的獲利。 而在美國,買賣商品標的已經都不用手續費了,因為國外的券商競爭非常激烈,為了搶到顧客都會推出很多優惠,目前四大海外券商都已經取消收取手續費,可省下一大筆錢。 再來比較ETF的內扣費,請看下表 | ETF | 名稱| 內扣費 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | - | | [**VT**](https://etfdb.com/etf/VT)| [Vanguard 全世界股票 ETF](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/Basic/Basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=VT) | 0.08% | | [**VTI**](https://etfdb.com/etf/VTI)⭐ | [Vanguard 美國整體股市 ETF](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/Basic/Basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=VTI) | 0.03% | | [**VOO**](https://etfdb.com/etf/VOO)⭐ | [Vanguard 標普 500 指數 ETF](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/Basic/Basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=VWO)| 0.03% | | [**SPY**](https://etfdb.com/etf/SPY)| [SPDY 標普500指數 ETF](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/basic/basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=spy)| 0.09% | | [**VWO**](https://etfdb.com/etf/VWO)⭐ | [Vanguard FTSE 新興市場 ETF](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/Basic/Basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=VOO)| 0.10% | | [**0050**] | [元大台灣卓越50基金](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/basic/basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=0050.tw)| 0.43% | | [**0056**] | [元大台灣高股息基金](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/basic/basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=0056.tw)| 0.76% | | [**006208**] | [富邦台灣釆吉50基金](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/basic/basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=006208.tw)| 0.34% | | [**00692**] | [富邦臺灣公司治理100基金](https://www.moneydj.com/etf/x/basic/basic0004.xdjhtm?etfid=00692.tw)| 0.35% | 目前台灣最便宜的指數型ETF是富邦50(006208)的 0.34%,但這個數字相對於美國ETF的 0.03%根本是天價,足足差了10倍,就算是投資國外而比較貴的VWO,也是0.10%,小於台灣ETF。 再來比較追蹤大盤能力 | 年分 | [VTI](https://greenhornfinancefootnote.blogspot.com/2021/03/vanguard-total-stock-market-etfvti2021.html) | | | [0050](http://greenhornfinancefootnote.blogspot.com/2021/02/50etf00502021.html) | | | | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | | ETF績效 | 指數績效 | 落差 | ETF績效 | 指數績效 | 落差 | | 2016 | 12.68% | 12.68% | 0 | 18.67% | 19.12% | -0.45% | | 2017 | 21.16% | 21.19% | 0.03% | 18.39% | 18.83% | -0.44% | | 2018 | -5.13% | -5.17% | -0.04% | -4.89% | -4.42% | -0.47% | | 2019 | 30.80% | 30.84% | 0.04% | 32.97% | 33.71% | 0.72% | | 2020 | 20.95% | 20.99% | 0.04% | 31.63% | 很明顯看到0050追蹤大盤能力都差0.4%左右,而這個數值也正好是他的內扣費,VTI內扣費幾乎為0,所以能良好的追蹤大盤指數。 ### 三、不用盯盤,迎回更重要的人生 所謂「被動投資股市,主動投資人生」,我開始做被動投資後,漸漸體悟到這句話的真諦。如果你在做個股,常常會在上班的時候偷偷盯盤,看到大跌就會心慌意亂,幾乎沒有辦法認真上班,工作上就會表現不好。 當你開始做被動投資,因為一開始就做好資產分配,評估了自己可以承受的風險,所以不管大盤如何變動,都對你不會有影響,你只需要每天收盤的時候看一下結果,甚至更厲害的人都忘記自己有在投資,過一段時間後回來看,報酬經常讓人滿意。 更重要的是你省下了最寶貴的時間,你可以將這些時間認真上班,下班的時候充實自己的技能,不管是看書、學語言、學課程、找興趣之類的,人生只有一次,何必把時間浪費在看盤、研究公司基本面技術面上? ## 總結 投入美股將近一年,我覺得這一年學到的東西非常多,除了研究資產分配與投資相關的知識,也開始想要寫點東西,在這個世界上留下自己存在的印記。時間真的很寶貴,應該要拿來做有意義的事情,讓自己的人生過得更精彩!

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