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--- tags: LinQ , C# , Quantifiers Operators --- # Any & All & Contains Any , All and Contains 均是非常容易會使用到的方法 , 另外需要注意的是這三個方法都不具有延遲執行的特性. ### [Any](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/system.linq.enumerable.any?view=netframework-4.8) 判斷序列的任何項目是否符合條件或包含任何項目 Any 有兩個多載方法如下 1. ```C# public static bool Any<TSource> (this IEnumerable<TSource> source); ``` - 判斷序列中包含的項目數**是否**不為零 2. ```C# public static bool Any<TSource> (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource,bool> predicate); ``` - 判斷序列中的任何項目**是否**有任何一個符合條件 - 實作上與 First 類似 , 差別在於回傳值. First 會回傳第一個符合條件的項目 , Any 則是發現第一個符合條件的項目時會回傳 true , 反之若沒有任何項目符合條件會回傳 false --- #### 使用時機 - 需要判斷集合是否包含任何項目. - 需要使用 **predicate** 表達指定的項目 , 以判斷集合中是否存在某個指定項目 #### Any 的用法 ```C# // 列出每個人持有的電話 , 若是他沒有電話則不要列出. static void Main(string[] args) { var people = new[] { new { Name="大名" , CellPhone = new string[]{"0989112266","03-29007536"}}, new { Name="小黃" , CellPhone = new string[]{"0961334475"}}, new { Name="大龍" , CellPhone = new string[]{}}, new { Name="包子" , CellPhone = new string[]{"0953793211", "0961751112", "0975362475"}} }; // 使用 Where 篩選出有電話的人 , 透過 Any 判斷這個人是否有電話 var query = people.Where(person => person.CellPhone.Any()) .SelectMany((person) => person.CellPhone, (person, phone) => $"{person.Name} 持有的手機號碼是 {phone}"); // 阿龍沒有手機 , 所以不會 print 阿龍出來 foreach (var item in query) { Console.WriteLine(item); } Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 大名 持有的手機號碼是 0989112266 大名 持有的手機號碼是 03-29007536 小黃 持有的手機號碼是 0961334475 包子 持有的手機號碼是 0953793211 包子 持有的手機號碼是 0961751112 包子 持有的手機號碼是 0975362475 ```C# // 找出持有 03- 的電話的人所持有的手機號碼 static void Main(string[] args) { var people = new[] { new { Name="大名" , CellPhone = new string[]{"0989112266","03-29007536"}}, new { Name="小黃" , CellPhone = new string[]{"0961334475"}}, new { Name="大龍" , CellPhone = new string[]{}}, new { Name="包子" , CellPhone = new string[]{"0953793211", "0961751112", "0975362475"}} }; // 透過 Any 判斷這個人是否持有 03- 開頭的手機 var query = people.Where(person => person.CellPhone.Any(num => num.Contains("03-"))) .SelectMany((person) => person.CellPhone, (person, phone) => $"{person.Name} 持有的手機號碼是 {phone}"); foreach (var item in query) { Console.WriteLine(item); } Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 大名 持有的手機號碼是 0989112266 大名 持有的手機號碼是 03-29007536 --- #### 簡單實作自己的 Any ```C# public static bool MyAny<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source) { if (source is null) { throw new Exception("source is null"); } return source.GetEnumerator().MoveNext(); } ``` ```C# public static bool MyAny<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, bool> predicate) { if (source is null || predicate is null) { throw new Exception("either source or predicate is null"); } foreach (var item in source) { if (predicate(item)) { return true; } } return false; } ``` ### All 判斷序列的所有項目**是否全**都符合條件 ```C# public static bool All<TSource> (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource,bool> predicate); ``` #### 使用時機 - 需要使用 predicate 表達指定的項目 , 以判斷集合中項目是否全都滿足這個指定項目 #### All 的用法 ```C# class Pet { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { // Create an array of Pets. Pet[] pets = { new Pet { Name="Barley", Age=10 }, new Pet { Name="Boots", Age=4 }, new Pet { Name="Whiskers", Age=6 } }; // Determine whether all pet names // in the array start with 'B'. bool allStartWithB = pets.All(pet => pet.Name.StartsWith("B")); Console.WriteLine("{0} pet names start with 'B'.", allStartWithB ? "All" : "Not all"); Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 Not all pet names start with 'B'. #### 簡單實作自己的 All ```C# public static bool MyAll<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, bool> predicate) { if (source is null || predicate is null) { throw new Exception("source or predicate is null"); } foreach (var element in source) { if (!predicate(element)) { return false; } } return true; } ``` ### Contains 判斷序列是否包含指定的項目 Contains 有兩個多載方法 1. public static bool Contains<TSource> (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource value); - 使用預設的相等比較子 (Comparer) 來判斷序列是否包含指定的項目。 2. public static bool Contains<TSource> (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource value, IEqualityComparer<TSource> comparer); - 使用指定的 IEqualityComparer<T> 來判斷序列是否包含指定的項目。 #### 使用時機 - 想要找到指定的某個項目是否已存在於集合中. #### Contains 的用法 ```C# // 判斷 fruits 中是否存在 mango static void Main(string[] args) { string[] fruits = { "apple", "banana", "mango", "orange", "passionfruit", "grape" }; string fruit = "mango"; bool hasMango = fruits.Contains(fruit); Console.WriteLine("The array {0} contain '{1}'.", hasMango ? "does" : "does not", fruit); Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 The array does contain 'mango'. ``` class EqualityComparer<TSource> : IEqualityComparer<TSource> where TSource : class { private PropertyInfo[] properties = null; public bool Equals(TSource x, TSource y) { if (properties == null) properties = x.GetType().GetProperties(); return properties.Aggregate(true, (result, item) => { return result && item.GetValue(x).Equals(item.GetValue(y)); }); } public int GetHashCode(TSource obj) { if (properties == null) properties = obj.GetType().GetProperties(); return properties.Aggregate(0, (result, item) => { return result ^ item.GetValue(obj).GetHashCode(); }); } } public class Product { public string Name { get; set; } public int Code { get; set; } } static void Main(string[] args) { Product[] fruits = { new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 }, new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 }, new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 } }; Product apple = new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 }; Product kiwi = new Product { Name = "kiwi", Code = 8 }; EqualityComparer<Product> prodc = new EqualityComparer<Product>(); bool hasApple = fruits.Contains(apple, prodc); bool hasKiwi = fruits.Contains(kiwi, prodc); Console.WriteLine("Apple? " + hasApple); Console.WriteLine("Kiwi? " + hasKiwi); Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 Apple? True Kiwi? False #### 簡單實作自己的 Contains ```C# public static bool MyContains<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource value) { if (source is null) { throw new Exception("source is null"); } foreach (var element in source) { if (element.Equals(value)) { return true; } } return false; } public static bool MyContains<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource value, IEqualityComparer<TSource> comparer) { if (source is null || comparer is null) { throw new Exception("source or comparer is null"); } foreach (var element in source) { if (comparer.Equals(element, value)) { return true; } } return false; } ``` ### Summary - Any 和 Contains 均可以用來判斷集合中是否包含指定的項目 , 其差別在於 Any 是透過 predicate 表達指定的項目 , 而 Contains 則是直接丟入指定的項目. --- ### Thank you! You can find me on - [GitHub](https://github.com/s0920832252) - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/fourtune.chen) 若有謬誤 , 煩請告知 , 新手發帖請多包涵 # :100: :muscle: :tada: :sheep:

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