# Remix Challenge: Entering the New Year with Zero Knowledge
https://bit.ly/RemixCircom23

### Remix Challenges are onchain quizzes that use ZK Proofs.
Read these articles to find the answers to this challenge:

[Circom in Remix Part 1: Definitions](https://medium.com/remix-ide/circom-in-remix-part-1-definitions-4e982786b380?source=friends_link&sk=eaa2b8f17ee5b1e0b1243428893b3ad8)

[Circom in Remix Part 2: Playtime](https://medium.com/remix-ide/circom-in-remix-part-2-playtime-4fc98d109511?source=friends_link&sk=30ab7474aa23318559dab971acf647fb)

The questions are a few section down.

## About Remix Challenges
TLDR:

A player generates a ZK Proofs which is submitted to an onchain contract. The solution stay hidden.

When the questions have been correctly answered, a Remixer badge can be minted.

## FAQ

- Why not just code the challenge in Solidity?

All the data in the Ethereum blockchain is public and visible. This means that if the challenge is coded in Solidity, the first user who finds the solution will submit that solution in **a transaction** and thus the solution will be visible by everyone.

Using a ZK Proof, we only require the user to post a **proof** that the challenge has been successfully completed.

- Is it possible to double post the same proof?

There are 2 parts to this question - can the same person (address) post the same proof? And can a different address post the same proof?

Incorporated in the proof is a special parameter named externalNullifier - a number generated from a timestamp. If a different value is used in the nullifier, then a different proof will be generated, but it will still show that the questions were correctly answered.

The smart contract used for verifying the proof will remember the nullifier.

An address (a user) can only submit a single proof - even if another nullifier is used. And a nullifier can only be used once.

So even when the actual proof becomes public, it won't be possible to re-post that specific proof.

- If a user knows how to complete a challenge, can he compute with another salt and win the game again?

The contract keeps a mapping of all the users that completed the challenge (using `msg.sender`), it is also possible to ask for a signed nullifier instead of directly using `msg.sender`

## Cost
The contract for Remix Challenge is on the Optimism chain and posting the proof will cost about 60-110 cents worth of Optimism ETH in gas.

## Setup

- Clone the following repository in Remix `https://github.com/yann300/remix-challenges`

- In Remix, to find the **clone** option, go to the hamburger menu at the top of the File Explorer.

- Once the cloned repo has been retrieved, open the file, **verify-solution.ts**, which is in the **scripts** folder.

## The Questions for "Remix Challenge: Entering the New Year with Zero Knowledge"
1. What is a phase2 number in a Groth16 verification system?
**A:** The random number set generated from the Powers of Tau ceremony
**B:** The final random number set generated from the Powers of Tau ceremony with extra entropy added
**C:** The random number set that involves both the trusted setup and the circuit being verified
**D:** A trusted setup that is totally independent of the circuit

2. What does the witness include?
**A:** The inputs
**B:** The intermediary results
**C:** The outputs
**D:** a, b, and c

3. Circom logic gates can be:
**A:** Subtractive and divisive
**B:** Just multiplication
**C:** Multiplication and summation
**D:** Multiplication with trusted setup

4. In the Remix Circom plugin, how do you generate the .wasm file?
**A:** Run a script or hit the compile button
**B:** Hit the compile button as soon as the compiler loads
**C:** Hit the compiler button when the .circom file is in the Editor

Remember, input only the letter (A, B, C, or D) of the corresponding correct answer.

## Answering the questions
- Starting on line 76 of **verify-solution.ts** (which is in the scripts folder), input the answers to the questions.
- In the case of multiple choice questions, only input the letter (A, B, C, or D) of the corresponding correct answer.
- Run the script by either right-clicking on the script in the File Explorer or clicking on the green play button.
- If the program executes correctly, you have successfully answered the 4 questions.

- In Remix's terminal, you'll see a log of the proof. The script will save this proof in a file in the folder named **generated**.

- **If you have not answered the questions correctly**, the proof will NOT be generated and the file `generated/proof.json` will not be created.
- This proof can be used in a **verifier** to prove that you found the 4 values. By doing so, only the proof needs to be shared, you don't need to share the 4 values, but everyone can be certain that you know these values.
- Go to the next steps.

## Mint a Remixer Badge using the generated proof

- Switch to the Optimism network. Make sure that in the Deploy & Run plugin, you are connected to Optimism and that your browser wallet (often MetaMask) is also connected there and that you have enough ETH to pay for the minting (usually between $0.40 and $1.00 USD).
- Open the file scripts/publish-solution.ts.
- This script will use the proof generated in the previous section `generated/proof.json` for calling the function `publishChallenge` in the Remix Rewards contract.
- Run the script.
- Approve the transaction for publishing the solution.
- Once the solution has been published head to https://rewards.remix.ethereum.eth.limo to see the newly created badge.