Allen Huang
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    # 行動通訊 3G 4G 5G 的演進及比較 在這個資訊爆炸的時代,接收資訊息比以往都方便, 但... 是什麼讓我們能夠如此快的獲得最新消息,還可以快速素地把消息散撥出去呢? 行動網路的出現,促使了資訊傳播的革命,就讓我們來看看。何無行動網路吧! ## 行動網路的發展 >最初是由 **0G** 開始,**1G** **2G** **3G** 一直到我們現在在用的 **5G** 每一代的一次行動網路技術的突破,每往上一代,就更快,更穩定。 ### **3G(3.5G)** >西元1990年代末期開始研發,於西元2000年代前中期開始在世界各國陸續開始服務。 >擁有更快的數據傳輸速度與更大的數據容量,3G通訊標準開始提供行動上網、視訊通話、數據漫遊等更多功能。 >**3G** 是為了讓人能輕鬆接上網路,且能全球通用, >**3.5G**約有7.2M-42M的下載速率,不只提供高速,還提供更安全的上網。 ### **4G(4.5G)** >是在西元2010年代中期之時世界上所普遍使用的高速行動網路,將一般傳統的語音通訊完全當作是數據封包加以傳輸, >4G更快的傳輸速度讓各類行動載具實現更多功能,例如 : 高速行動上網、行動遊戲、影音串流下載、行動視訊會議等,同時也達到4G和Wi-Fi之間的無縫切換。 >對於我們來說 **4G** 是我們最熟悉的行動網路了。 ### **5G** >**5G** 通訊標準能以更高的效率傳輸更巨量的數據,可望為全球的行動網路運營商建立一個嶄新而強勁的運營平台,對通訊業產生變革性的影響。 >5G通訊標準下,智慧手機可望逐漸演變成物聯網設備之一,實現設備間高速傳輸、多工處理的無縫銜接。 >目前 **5G** 正處於推廣中,普及化還需要一段時間。 ## 比較 | 通訊技術 | 突破 | 在台灣的開放時間| |--------|----------|----------| | **1G** | 語音 | 1989-2001(已停用)| | **2G** | 語音+簡訊+Email|1997-2017(已停用)| | **3G** |聲音、圖像、音樂、視訊|2003-2018(已停用)| | **4G** |更清晰的聲音、影片、資訊|2014-現在| | **5G** | 超高解析度影像、更快的即時通訊|2020~| ## 詳細介紹 ### **4G** >「 4G 」就是第四代行動電話行動通訊標準(fourth generation of mobile phone mobile communications standards,縮寫為4G),依國際電信聯盟ITU(International Telecommunication Union)所定義的「 4G 」行動網路速度:用戶在移動時其資料傳輸速率可達100 Mbps、在靜止狀態下速率則須達到1 Gbps以上,就可以作為4G的技術之一。 >「 4G 」通訊技術除了可以相容於現有的網路架構外,還有更高的傳輸速度、更低的延遲性與更加完善的安全機制等特性。4G網路應用不再侷限於電信業者,還可以應用於更多的行業,像是動態影像直播、手機線上游戲、雲端計算的運用與道路現狀導航等領域。 >4G行動通訊除了讓人們可以更快、更穩定的隨時隨地進行通訊、雙向傳遞資料、圖片、影像,或是即時道路現況等功能。其高傳輸速率之特性,可以支援更豐富的移動業務,包括高解析度圖像影像傳送、多方視訊會議、虛擬結合現實生活等,讓使用者在任何地方都可以獲得任何所需的資訊服務,得到更加安全、更廣泛的服務與應用。 >4G行動通訊可以相容於現有的網路架構,可以讓整體的升級動作達到無痛升級,不會出現斷層之情況,而4G行動通訊架構有機會實現全球統一的標準,讓所有移動通訊運營商的用戶享受共同的4G服務。 改善現有通信品質不良,以及達到高速資料傳輸,包括語音、資料、影像等大量資訊等要求。 ### **5G** >5G全名為「第5代行動通訊標準」,是目前已普及的第4代通訊標準(4G)之後新一輪通訊技術的進化,5G通訊標準能以更高的效率傳輸更巨量的數據,可望為全球的行動網路運營商建立一個嶄新而強勁的運營平台,對通訊業產生變革性的影響。隨著5G的通訊服務將從2020年陸續在世界各國推出,投資人應留意5G科技與相關生態系統(Ecosystem)興起的投資機會(如下圖)。 >整體而言,相對於4G通訊標準,5G具備以下優勢: > >(1) 更快的下載及上傳速度 (2) 更順暢的數據傳輸 (3) 更好的語音及視訊通話品質 (4) 更可靠的行動通訊連接 (5) 更大的數據容量,能實現物聯網(IoT)同步連接 5G能滿足更多實務應用上的需求: > >(1) **數據使用量的需求** >全球數據使用量勢必持續成長,5G能夠提供更佳的網路管理、連結及可靠性。 (2) **同步連接的需求** 物聯網的迅速發展將提升對於5G技術的需求,藉以維持設備與網路兩個終端間連接的連續性。 (3) **對準確連接能力的需求** 5G連接是具有方向性的,能在無干擾的情況下精確的與特定設備連接。 (4) **對速度的需求** 5G更大的數據容量能讓使用者更有效率的存取大量數據。 (5) **對低延遲性的需求** 5G更快的速度能降低資料傳輸的延遲,對於長距離數據傳輸、即時性關鍵功能的實現尤其重要。 ## 參考文獻 >[:link:](https://www.narlabs.org.tw/xcscience/cont?xsmsid=0I148638629329404252&sid=0K279564703065721553) 行動通訊技術發展對生活造成的影響與改變 >[:link:維基百科](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C) >[:link:**1G** 到 **5G** 的艱辛歷程:一部波瀾壯闊的行動通訊史](https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/1g-%E5%88%B0-5g-%E7%9A%84%E8%89%B1%E8%BE%9B%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E6%B3%A2%E7%80%BE%E5%A3%AF%E9%97%8A%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E5%8F%B2/) >[:link:行動通信的演進歷程](https://scitechvista.nat.gov.tw/Article/c000003/detail?ID=552bfacd-653c-4916-b457-ea7e6d86d0a1) >[:link:2020投資洞察-5G時代來臨!認識第5代行動通訊發展](https://www.dbs.com/livemore/tw-zh/serious-talk/wm312.html) >[:link:4G大世代](https://www.syscom.com.tw/ePaper_New_Content.aspx?id=377&EPID=196&TableName=sgEPArticle)

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