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    # 用英文句子+中文字 ###### tags: `blog` ## 初中進階難題 在學英文的各個階段會有不同的難題要解決,初中階和進階要解決問題也不同。這邊大致提一下,初中階和進階的差異,你也可以看看自己在哪個階段。 ## 初中階 在初階或是中階的階段,常常遇到的問題是看不懂,或是無法了解,或是誤會一個句子的真正意思。說英文時要從中文翻譯過去,聽英文時也要在腦中翻譯成中文。以我的經驗,這些問題如果大量使用英文,包括聽英文,看英文影片,模仿,並且有自我檢討的能力,慢慢自然會度過這個階段,這邊不多討論,今天我想聊聊我想到的一個進階的練習方式。 ## 進階 到了這個階段,你已經可以聽懂大部分英文,溝通表達也沒問題,直接用英文思考也不是問題。但就是沒辦法說得跟母語一樣流暢,表達的精細度也不夠,很多概念都只能用很粗糙的用換句話說的方式表達。我自己的經驗是,我已經可以完全用英文思考,不用從中文轉換到英文,但我用英文思考時,智商馬上降低300,邏輯雜亂無章,反應速度也慢。 有趣的是,當你還在初階時,因為是從中文翻譯,至少邏輯不會太差,但到進階的時候,因為直接用英文思考,邏輯反而便差了。令一個更粗淺的例子就是:一個詞彙量大於10000的學習英文多年的人,表達能力還是不如詞彙量只有幾千的美國小學生。為什麼會有這樣的情況?我認為問題在於: 1. 對於英文語法的掌握程度,以及使用上的流暢度 2. 對於自己知道的詞彙理解的細膩程度 今天我主要想分享我受到ABC學中文的方式啟發,想到的解決地一個問題的方法。 ## 為什麼ABC學中文這麼快? 大家應該有見過這樣的情況,很多在美國長大的ABC開始學中文之後,進步非常快,**幾年的時間,就達到和母語者一樣的表達能力和流暢度**。反觀,為什麼大部分的人就算在美國或是其他英語系國家生活,也**一生無法達到母語者的流暢度**?要回答這個問題,就不得不探討一下小孩和大人學習語言方法的不同。 ## 小孩vs大人 大家還記得自己怎麼學中文的嗎,應該沒學過文法吧,在我們還沒進入小學開始學國語時,我們早就可以流利的使用中文溝通了,**文法早已深稙在我們腦袋裡**,就算我們從來沒學過。小孩在學習語言的時候,是不斷在實境中模仿學習,他們不用學文法,他們只要不斷接觸大量的examples,**大腦就會自動歸類出文法**。反之,大人的大腦沒有這種自動歸類的功能,要是不學文法用一樣的方法學習,保證說話時文法肯定文法錯誤百出,無法正確的使用英文。 回到之前ABC為什麼學習中文那麼快的問題。ABC在小時候,因為父母說中文,他們小時候是有一段時間是暴露在中文的環境之中的,也就是說他們小時候,**大腦已經自動幫他們建立中文文法的迴路了**,長大後雖然詞彙量有所不足無法流利的說中文,但是經過幾年時間學習,把字彙量補齊,就跟母語者差不多了。反之,我們學習英文時,因為是使用記憶的方法來學習,腦中並沒有這個迴路,所以學習的速度會慢非常多。 用一個好懂的例子舉例就是:對ABC學中文時,文法猶如一個櫃子,字彙有如書本,ABC學中文就像把新的書本不斷放倒已經建立好的置物櫃中分類。對我們來說,學英文時,文法和字彙都是書本,我們沒有櫃子,**只能在地上自己手動劃線分類不同的書本**。 ## 如何運用ABC學中文的方式來練習? 在台灣,或者很多其他地方,常常會有人在中文中夾雜英文字來說話,卻很少有人能用英文夾雜中文字說話,這是為什麼?當然很大一個原因是外國人聽不懂中文字,所以這種說話方式沒人聽得懂。 不過你實際試試就知道,**真的叫你這樣說話,你可能還說不順呢**。我認為原因就在於對**文法的掌握程度**,大部分台灣人,已經掌握中文的文法,因此在中文句子中插入英文字很容易,但是因為沒有英文文法的迴路,因此就沒辦法在英文句子中夾雜中文。反過來看,ABC在學中文時,遇到不會說的中文字,卻可以很順暢的在中文中插入英文字,因為他們腦中已經燒錄了中文的文法。 回到最前面說的進階者學英文的兩個問題,我們同時要掌握文法,也要掌握能夠精確使用詞彙片語的能力。但同時做兩件事會拖累進步的速度,效率也不好。所以我們可以試著先一次解決一個問題,也就是我們可以**像ABC一樣先掌握文法,再掌握詞彙**。 因此我認為學習ABC的說話方式,是很好的練習方法。以我們要學英文來說,**就是說英文時「卡蛋」遇到不會表達的東西時,插入中文字替代,但要保持以英文的語法架構為主**。這樣的練習方式,我覺得可以把英文的文法刻入我們腦中,習慣用英文的方式思考,而不會因為想不到一個英文單字而卡住,**避免因為對於一個單字不熟悉,就影響整體思考流暢度的問題**。習慣這種方法之後,大腦應該會逐漸適應英文的結構,等到掌握文法可以順暢表達之後,就可以像ABC一樣補齊字彙,進一步增加英文的流暢度。 雖然這只是我剛想到的方法,也不太確定實際上效果如何。不過先寫了這篇文章紀錄一下,幾年後再來分享一下用這個方法的成果,敬請期待。

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