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    --- tags: 教材 title: Microsoft.Extensions.Logging --- ## 三個介面 [ILogger](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.ilogger?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1):紀錄日誌 [ILoggerProvider](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.iloggerprovider?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1):產生 ILogger 實例 [ILoggerFactory](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.iloggerfactory?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1):使用那些 ILoggerProvider 由 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions 和 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging 所提供 `Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Logging` `Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions` ## 實例化範例 開始之前先來看個範例,以下的範例, 要先安裝`Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console` ### .NET Framework - 在 .NET Framework 沒有像 .NET Core 內建 DI Container,可以呼叫 LoggerFactory.Create 建立實例。 - builder.AddConsole():使用 Console LoggerProvider。 - factory.CreateLogger():Logger 實例。 - logger.LogInformation:寫入 Log,等級為 Information ```csharp= var factory = LoggerFactory.Create(builder => { builder.AddConsole(); }); var logger = factory.CreateLogger<Form1>(); logger.LogInformation("Example log message"); ``` ### ASP.NET Core 3.1 - 可以使用 DI Container 的方式注入 - builder.AddConsole():使用 Console LoggerProvider ```csharp= public class Program { public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) { return Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); }) .ConfigureLogging((context, builder) => { builder.AddConsole(); }); } public static void Main(string[] args) { CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } } ``` - 在 Controller 就可以拿到 ILogger 實例 - logger.LogInformation:寫入 Log,等級為 Information ```csharp= [ApiController] [Route("[controller]")] public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase { private readonly ILogger<WeatherForecastController> _logger; public WeatherForecastController(ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger) { this._logger = logger; } [HttpGet] public IActionResult Get() { ... this._logger.LogInformation(LogEvent.GenerateItem,"開始,訪問 WeatherForecast api"); } } ``` ## 6個層級 [LogLevel](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.loglevel?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) 定義以及建議的使用方式如下: | LogLevel | 值 | 擴充方法 | 描述 | | ----------- | --- |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Trace | 0 | [LogTrace](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.loggerextensions.logtrace?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) | 追蹤:包含最詳細的訊息。 這些訊息可能包含敏感性應用程式資料。 這些訊息預設為停用,且不應在生產環境中啟用。 | | Debug | 1 | [LogDebug](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.loggerextensions.logdebug?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) | 偵錯:用於偵錯工具和開發。 請在生產環境中小心使用,因為有大量的數量。 | | Information | 2 | [LogInformation](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.loggerextensions.loginformation?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) | 資訊:追蹤應用程式的一般流程。 可能具有長期值。 | | Warning | 3 | [LogWarning](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.loggerextensions.logwarning?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) | 警告:針對異常或非預期的事件。 通常會包含不會導致應用程式失敗的錯誤或狀況。 | | Error | 4 | [LogError](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.loggerextensions.logerror?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) | 錯誤:發生無法處理的錯誤和例外狀況。 這些訊息表示目前的作業或要求失敗,而不是整個應用程式的失敗。 | | Critical | 5 | [LogCritical](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.loggerextensions.logcritical?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) | 嚴重:發生需要立即注意的失敗。 範例:資料遺失情況、磁碟空間不足。 | | None | 6 | | 指定記錄類別不應寫入任何訊息。 | - 如果未設定預設記錄層級,則預設的記錄層級值為 Information 。 ASP.NET Core 範例如下: ```csharp= public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureLogging(logging => logging.SetMinimumLevel(LogLevel.Warning)) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); }); ``` > 參考 https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#log-level ## ILoggerFactory 以下的範例,要先安裝`Install-Package Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console` - 在 .NET Framework 沒有像 ASP .NET Core 內建 DI Container,可以呼叫 LoggerFactory.Create 建立實例 ```csharp= var factory = LoggerFactory.Create(builder => { builder.AddConsole() ; }); var logger = factory.CreateLogger<Form1>(); logger.LogInformation("Example log message"); ``` - ASP.NET Core 3.1 可以使用 DI Container 的方式注入 [Host.CreateDefaultBuilder](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.hosting.host.createdefaultbuilder?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) 會注入下列 LoggerProvider [主控台](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#console) [偵錯](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#console) [EventSource](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#event-source) [EventLog](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#welog):僅限 Windows 為了演示,我仍然注入了 LoggerProvider ```csharp= public class Program { public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) { return Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); }) .ConfigureLogging((context, builder) => { builder.AddConsole() ; }); } public static void Main(string[] args) { CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } } ``` 在 Controller 即可取出 ILogger 實例 ```csharp= private readonly ILogger<WeatherForecastController> _logger; public WeatherForecastController(ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger) { _logger = logger; } [HttpGet] public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get() { this._logger.LogInformation("訪問 /WeatherForecast"); ///.... } ``` 除了,預設 Controller 注入,我們也可以針對其他物件注入 ILogger ```csharp= public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddControllers(); services.AddRazorPages(); services.AddSingleton<IMyService>((container) => { var logger = container.GetRequiredService<ILogger<MyService>>(); return new MyService() { Logger = logger }; }); } ``` > 參考 > https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#logging-providers ## ILoggerProvider - 內建提供以下 LoggerProvider Console:[Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console](https://www.nuget.org/packages/microsoft.extensions.logging.console/) Debug:[Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug) EventLog:[Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventLog](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventLog) AzureAppServices:[Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.AzureAppServices](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.AzureAppServices) EventSource:[Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventSource](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventSource/) - 3rd LoggerProvider 支援 ASP.NET Core 的 Log 協力廠商 [elmah.io](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Elmah.Io.Extensions.Logging) [Gelf](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Gelf.Extensions.Logging) [JSNLog](https://www.nuget.org/packages/JSNLog.AspNetCore/) KissLog.net [Log4Net](Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Log4Net.AspNetCore) [Loggr](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Loggr.Extensions.Logging/) [NLog](https://www.nuget.org/packages/NLog.Extensions.Logging/) [PLogger](https://www.nuget.org/packages/InvertedSoftware.PLogger.Core/) [Sentry](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Sentry.Extensions.Logging) [Serilog](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Serilog.AspNetCore) Stackdriver > 參考 > https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#third-party-logging-providers ## ILogger 只需要一行程式,即可依照 LoggerProvider,寫入不同的目標 如下範例,注入了多個 LoggerProvider ```csharp= public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder( string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); }) .ConfigureLogging(logging => { // clear default logging providers logging.ClearProviders(); // add built-in providers manually, as needed logging.AddConsole(); logging.AddDebug(); logging.AddEventLog(); logging.AddEventSourceLogger(); logging.AddTraceSource(sourceSwitchName); }); ``` ### Log Message 1. Log() 方法要傳入 Level 參數 2. 擴充方法,方法名稱已經帶有 Level ```csharp= // Log() 方法要帶有 Level ILogger.Log(LogLevel.Information, "some text"); // 擴充方法,方法名稱已經帶有 ILogger.LogInformation("some text"); ``` ### Log 分類 ILogger 建立物件時,需要指定分類,分類的字串是任意的,慣例是使用類別名稱。 LoggerFactory.Create 使用範例如下: ```csharp= var factory = LoggerFactory.Create(builder => { builder.AddFilter("Microsoft", LogLevel.Warning) .AddFilter("System", LogLevel.Warning) .AddFilter("WindowsFormsApp1", LogLevel.Debug) .AddConsole() ; }); var logger = factory.CreateLogger<Form1>(); logger.LogInformation("Example log message"); ``` ASP.NET Core 可以使用注入,最後,在建構函數改變自訂的分類名稱 ```csharp= public class ContactModel : PageModel { private readonly ILogger _logger; public ContactModel(ILoggerFactory logger) { _logger = logger.CreateLogger("MyCategory"); } public void OnGet() { _logger.LogInformation("GET Pages.ContactModel called."); } ``` > 參考 > https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#log-category ### Log 範本 - 訊息範本可以包含預留變數,變數使用名稱而非數字 - 傳遞參數,可讓 LoggerProvider 執行語意結構化紀錄 ```csharp= _logger.LogInformation("Getting item {Id} at {RequestTime}", id, DateTime.Now); ``` > 參考 https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#log-message-template ### Scope 在非同的框架下,同一個流程,日誌內容會被散落在四處,這時後利用 [BeginScope](docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.ilogger.beginscope?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1) 可以讓我們的日誌比較好 - 內建支援的 LoggerProvider: [Console](https://www.nuget.org/packages/microsoft.extensions.logging.console/) [AzureAppServicesFile 和 AzureAppServicesBlob](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/microsoft.extensions.logging.azureappservices.batchingloggeroptions.includescopes?view=dotnet-plat-ext-3.1#Microsoft_Extensions_Logging_AzureAppServices_BatchingLoggerOptions_IncludeScopes) - 使用方式 在 BeginScope 調用關閉(IDisposable)前都屬於都一個範圍,可用 Using 包起來 ```csharp= [HttpGet] public IActionResult Get() { using (this._logger.BeginScope($"Scope Id:{Guid.NewGuid()}")) //using (this._logger.BeginScope("Scope Id:{id}", Guid.NewGuid().ToString()) { this._logger.LogInformation("開始,訪問 WeatherForecast api"); this._logger.LogInformation("執行流程"); var random = new Random(); var result = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast { Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index), TemperatureC = random.Next(-20, 55), Summary = Summaries[random.Next(Summaries.Length)] }) .ToArray(); this._logger.LogInformation("結束流程"); return this.Ok(result); } } ``` 最後再設定檔的 Console LoggerProvider 加入 "IncludeScopes": true ```json= { "Logging": { "LogLevel": { "Default": "Debug", "System": "Information", "Microsoft": "Information" }, "Console": { "IncludeScopes": true,// <= 這裡 "LogLevel": { "Default": "Trace", "Microsoft": "Warning" } } }, "AllowedHosts": "*" } ``` 執行結果: ![](https://i.imgur.com/K6fauTR.png) > 參考 > https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#log-scopes ### 事件識別碼 識別碼用來建立日誌的關聯性,有些 LoggerProvider 有提供識別碼篩選 先建立識別碼。如下: ```csharp= public class LogEvent { public const int GenerateItem = 1000; public const int ListItem = 1001; public const int GetItem = 1002; public const int InsertItem = 1003; public const int UpdateItem = 1004; public const int DeleteItem = 1005; public const int TestItem = 3000; public const int GetItemNotFound = 4000; public const int UpdateItemNotFound = 4001; } ``` ```csharp= [HttpGet] public IActionResult Get() { //using (this._logger.BeginScope($"Scope Id:{Guid.NewGuid()}")) using (this._logger.BeginScope("Scope Id:{id}", Guid.NewGuid())) { this._logger.LogInformation(LogEvent.GenerateItem,"開始,訪問 WeatherForecast api"); this._logger.LogInformation(LogEvent.TestItem,"執行流程"); var random = new Random(); var result = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast { Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index), TemperatureC = random.Next(-20, 55), Summary = Summaries[random.Next(Summaries.Length)] }) .ToArray(); this._logger.LogInformation(LogEvent.GenerateItem,"結束流程"); return this.Ok(result); } } ``` 執行結果: Console LoggerProvider 就會在類別後面加上 [識別碼] WebApiNetCore31.Controllers.WeatherForecastController[1000] ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZmfKnr4.png) >參考 >https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/aspnet/core/fundamentals/logging/?view=aspnetcore-3.1#log-event-id ## Config ASP.NET Core 的預設專案範本一建立就會產生 appsettings.json、appsettings.Development.json 內容如下: ```json= { "Logging": { "LogLevel": { "Default": "Information", "Microsoft": "Warning", "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information" } } } ``` 上述設定,LoggerProvider 會依照 Namsespace 和 LogLevel 過濾出需要記錄的日誌,當指定某一 Level 時,代表該等級以上的 Log 都會被記錄下來 - Logging:所有的 LoggerProvider,套用此設定 - Default:預設,套用 Information Level - Microsoft:"Microsoft" 開頭的命名空間,套用 Warning Level - Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime:比類別更明確 "Microsoft",所以 "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime" 的等級為 Information - 特定分類覆蓋 Default 分類 - Level 高的覆蓋低的 - 若要隱藏所有的日誌則指定 None ASP.NET Core 範例如下: ```csharp= public class Program { public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) { return Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); }) .ConfigureLogging((context, builder) => { builder.AddFilter("Microsoft", LogLevel.Warning) .AddFilter("System", LogLevel.Warning) .AddFilter("WindowsFormsApp1", LogLevel.Debug) .AddConfiguration(context.Configuration.GetSection("Logging")) .AddConsole() ; }); } public static void Main(string[] args) { CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } } ``` ## Filer 函數 當 Config 之外,透過 Filter 做更多的設定 ASP.NET Core 範例如下: ```csharp= public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureLogging(logging => { logging.AddFilter((provider, category, logLevel) => { if (provider.Contains("ConsoleLoggerProvider") && category.Contains("Controller") && logLevel >= LogLevel.Information) { return true; } else if (provider.Contains("ConsoleLoggerProvider") && category.Contains("Microsoft") && logLevel >= LogLevel.Information) { return true; } else { return false; } }); }) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); }); ``` :::info 一般來說,記錄層級應指定于設定中,而不是程式碼。 :::

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