李昂謙
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    # 資料蒐集/文獻探討 ## Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) 資料採集與監控系統 ### SCADA系統會包括以下的子系統: - **人機介面**(HMI)是一個可以顯示程式狀態的裝置,操作員可以依此裝置監控及控制程式。監視系統可以採集數據,也可以送出命令監視程式的進行。 - **遠端終端控制系統**連接許多程式中用到的感測器,資料採集後將數位的資料傳送給監視系統。 - **可程式化邏輯控制器**(PLC)因為其價格便宜,用途廣泛,也常用作現場裝置,取代特殊功能的遠端終端控制系統(RTU)。 - **通訊網路**則是提供監視系統及RTU(或PLC)之間傳輸資料的管道。 ### SCADA應用: - SCADA系統主要是用於**分布式系統** - 水處理 - 石油天然氣管道 - 電力傳輸和分配系統 - 鐵路和其他公共運輸系統 ---- 資料來源 : [wiki-SCADA](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%87%87%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%8E%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F)、 [3分鐘了解SCADA與DCS、PLC之間的區別](https://kknews.cc/tech/4mpj4vv.html) ## Manufacturing Execution System (MES) 製造執行系統 ### Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP)企業資源計劃的缺點導致MES的出現 - 講到MES,先來提ERP,由於 ERP 是屬於企業上層經營管理的資訊系統,一般不直接支援工廠細部流程;又現場工控自動化和訊號採集是屬於企業底層現場執行的資訊系統,並非管理系統,傳統ERP的定位是企業總體規劃,其管理資料是以**周、天為時間週期**,無法即時而有效的管控現場。 - **這個訊息黑洞對於製程的管理和控制而言,帶來多方面的挑戰。** ### MES與ERP的整合: - MES 系統定位於執行層面。它接轉 ERP 下達的工單,並即時發佈到產線,透過現場的資料蒐集,直接對應操作和工廠管理人員提供生產支援。其管理的資料以**現在、下一個小時**為時間週期,為現場管理人員提供即時訊息進行決策。 ### MES系統的導入,有助於改善或解決以下的問題: - MESA對MES的定義強調了MES是**對整個生產線製造過程的生產資訊細化匯集與及時提供生產訊息,而非為了解決單一生產瓶頸。** - 資料未有效的利用 - 現場有過多的文件 - 現場有過高的在製品存量 - 不合理的作業程序 - 未整合的應用系統 - 生產問題不能即時反應給相關人員 - 沒有足夠的資訊以供決策 - 過高的品質成本 - 不足的追蹤能力 - 現場的料帳不符 --- 資料來源:[超詳細MES教學](https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/news/a4lnk2v.html)、[ERP/MES/PLM到工業4.0](https://medium.com/@weilihmen/erp-mes-plm-%E5%88%B0%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD4-0-6d3c374dcc07)、[ERP導入後,為何還要做MES](https://www.facebook.com/notes/sap-taiwan/-erp-%E5%B0%8E%E5%85%A5%E5%BE%8C%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E9%82%84%E8%A6%81%E5%81%9A-mes/1410792262316089/) ## Information Technology (IT) & Operational Technology (OT) - 從廣義上說,**IT是個平台**,是為OT服務的。**OT包括數據、知識、秘籍**。有了IT平台和軟體技術,大數據可以幫助企業更快、更好地獲得智慧、智能。工廠數據、經驗從直覺、隱性知識,向知識轉化對企業而言很重要。但也要認識到,OT解決知識傳遞問題並不容易,不是有了IT技術就可以解決一切問題。把數據轉換為執行力和知識,這有一個過程,有經驗的積累,而且是要不斷演進、不斷優化、不斷完善的。 資料來源 : [解決IT & OT融合的挑戰](https://m.fortinet.com.tw/site/%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BAit%E5%92%8Cot%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%91%E6%88%B0/)、 [工業4.0術語:Operational Technology](https://kknews.cc/tech/rzylvn.html) ## 目前技術現況 & 待改進之處 - FUXA所包含之通訊協定,目前只有成功弄出Modbus TCP - 感覺 Arduino 或 Linkit 要實現 OPC UA 的資料很少 - 也許換別的東西實作看看, ex: 樹莓派 # OPC 失敗過程 1. 透過副廠 Ethernet Shield W5100 R3 網路擴展板 - 首先,必須要修改Ethernet板子上的電阻,如下圖([參考網路上遇到一樣的問題:這塊板子本身就有問題](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n73k1HzKLo&t=368s&ab_channel=NomadsTechJournal)) - ![](https://i.imgur.com/Swx0yd8.jpg) - 測試程式碼([網路上的程式](https://wiznethk.pixnet.net/blog/post/344710378)) - 預計結果:Arduino Ethernet建立一個簡單網頁服務器 - Arduino 的 Ethernet.localIP() 函式能打印出 Arduino IP ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZNTwGvc.png) - WebServer 無法連上 ![](https://i.imgur.com/VEnXSZg.png) - 基本的Ethernet範例程式都無法成功完成,OPC也一定不行,所以在此不多加贅述

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