COSCUP
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    自幹軟體收音機從硬體到軟體 - 彭大海 === {%hackmd LcL4-VI0SGitSiINTuy4rA %} > 請從這裡開始 > ![](https://i.imgur.com/f2b2Rf0.png) # 收音機歷史簡述 - Maxwell, Tesla, Hertz, 波波夫、馬可尼..... - [波波夫](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%AB)是蘇聯的無線電學先驅 - [布勞恩](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%B3%E6%81%A9):Crystal Detector - [范信達](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E4%BF%A1%E9%81%94):第一個有聲廣播的先驅 - [佛萊明](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E): Diode,使電流單向導通,在無線電接收設備做為「檢波」用途 - 佛瑞斯特: Triode,將微弱電訊號放大 - 阿姆斯壯: ~~月球人~~ [超外差接收機架構](https://baike.baidu.com/item/超外差接收机) - 可能因為苦於專利征戰而主動從人生登出了 - 超外差的意思: - 製造一個訊號,該訊號頻率扣除輸入訊號的頻率,作為 Modulation (調變,指將訊號"保護"起來的一種行為) 之用 - 此一行為可以有效幫助訊號在 "特定頻率選擇" 上的穩定性,使接收端較為容易接收。 - [收音機製作的新聞之一](https://americanradiohistory.com/National_Radio_News.htm) - [收音機製作](http://book.tpml.edu.tw/webpac/bookDetail.do?id=69545&resid=188823270&nowid=4&Lflag=1) (書) - 鍺二極體 - 早年的自製收音機資料(美國):https://americanradiohistory.com/National_Radio_News.htm # 無線電原理 - 因為天線效應的緣故可以讓訊號超距傳送 - 一個純的高頻正弦波可作為低頻訊號的載具,稱為「載波」 - 欲讓低頻的訊號被傳送出去,需要讓它搭乘在高頻的載波之上,這個過程稱作「混波」 - Dipole 天線 ([圖片](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaXm6wau-jc&feature=youtu.be)) - 詳洽楞次定律 or 法拉第定律 - 講解天線原理的影片:https://youtu.be/ZaXm6wau-jc # 收音機是什麼 - 將高頻訊號轉換成低頻訊號的裝置(廣義) - 狹義:將 Modulation 後的訊號進行 demodulation 並還原原始波型的裝置。 - 傳統接收機在高頻降成低頻的過程中需要進行多次的降頻和解調 - 只做一次降頻的接收機:直接轉換接收器(零中頻接收機) - 降頻需要用到混波器 - 超外差基本原理 - 積化和差的過程 # 軟體收音機 (SDR = Software Defined Radio) 是什麼 - [Daniel Richard Tayloe](https://patents.google.com/patent/US6230000?oq=daniel+richard+tayloe) tayloe detector(直接降頻調變) - # 我的軟體收音機 - 拼拼湊湊 - 一開始本地振盪器使用 Analog VCO (Voltage Controlled Output) Circuit - [Si5351](https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/data-sheets/Si5351-B.pdf) I2C programmable any-frequency CMOS clock generator - 用 KiCAD 做 layout - 電腦和模組之間只有音效卡 - 音效卡除了輸入外還能輸出控制-->用 DTMF 控制模組來選台 - [DTMF = Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/双音多频),可以用於互動式應答 - 使用軟體 - Python - Matplotlib - Scipy - Numpy - 切頻譜的時候的 BOBO 聲 來自於切斷時的訊號不連續性 # Demo - 有會眾拿出 4.096 MHz square wave 做測試 - 3MHz 附近有中央人民廣播電台 - 數字電台 (現在還有嗎?) # Concept - 身為島民要熟悉海洋 - 身為人類要熟悉電磁波 - 致力推廣無線電成為科普 # github https://github.com/pondahai/SDR Contact: facebook.com/pondahai 或 github.com/pondahai ###### tags: `COSCUP2019` `奇妙的開源硬體創作` `IB502` `TR413-2`

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