COSCUP
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    # 小鴨城(Duckietown),一個基於 Raspberry Pi 和 ROS 的開源無人小車專案介紹 - sosorry {%hackmd tGp8pt49Q2aT5cD5TFyaIA %} > 請從這裡開始 ## 舊的投影片 https://www.slideshare.net/raspberrypi-tw/duckietown-raspberry-piros ## 什麼是Duckietown [看Youtube影片介紹 ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TwocCeJUe8) 基本上是做一個自走車,拯救小鴨不要被撞到或掉下來,目標是成熟後發展無人駕駛技術 ## 開源的電腦視覺自駕車學習專案 https://duckietown.mit.edu ### History 2016麻省理工大學 2016國立交通大學 2017蘇黎世聯邦理工學院 ### 誰在用Duckietown專案? TTIC ETH MIT NCTU ### 我們可從專案中學到 * 感測器校正,設定與感知 * 計算機視覺 * 物體辨識 * 非線性估計 * 全域定位 * 分散式協調 ### 並實際操作 * 架設Duckiebot平台按Duckietown環境 * 機器人體系(ROS)建立 * 功能模組的實現與擴充 * 單系統機器人車道跟隨 * 單系統機器人定位(localization),規劃(planning)和導航(navigation) * 多系統機器人交換訊息和協調 * 系統層級的資源管理 ## 需要 小鴨車 小鴨城 小鴨城需要的東西 https://blog.adafruit.com/2016/05/25/duckietown-is-an-open-source-mit-class-computer-vision-self-driving-robot-for-raspberrypi/ 使用樹梅派Pi3,裝Ubuntu MATE的作業系統 ### 一個機器人需要多少感測器? 測距 加(角)速度 電子羅盤 陀螺儀 ### ROS Robot Operation System 專為機器人軟體開發所設計的系統架構 ROS = 訊息管道+組態工具+機器人功能+生態系統 支援的程式語言 Python, C++, LISP ### Python 提供基礎資料型別和各類矩陣運算函式 多種科學計算模組 ## 小鴨車的相機 只有一個相機 為了視角所以採用廣角鏡頭 但現實世界是3D世界,的所以需要處理 ### 圖像到路的映射轉換 ![](https://i.imgur.com/DpcmCPC.png) 你得到的某個點其實是3D世界的點 所以需要Ground Projection還原回去 ### 車道相對估計 ![](https://i.imgur.com/8O2dOBi.png) 車子本身離黃色的線距離多遠? 車子應該靠左靠右? ### 車道控制 ![](https://i.imgur.com/7W54Q6s.png) 依照前面的資料,得到應該要輸出多少的電壓,控制馬達讓車子往某一邊靠 ## 進階功能 ### 導航 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Khl9Rlw.png) 根據特徵資料庫(sign database),建立一份地圖,下次看到新的特徵,就可以判斷自己在哪個位置 ### 地圖與信號 ![](https://i.imgur.com/maliyWu.png) 走完一圈就可以建立全域的定位 即時定位與地圖構建和全域定位 ## 最近的進度 ### kickstarter https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/163162211/duckietown-a-playful-road-to-learning-robotics-and ## 其他專案 puyuma https://github.com/puyuma/puyuma-core/ ## Demo ### 校正 會用一個像棋盤的東西給小鴨車的攝影機看,做內部校正,讓他知道該怎麼扭曲把影像算回平面 ### 開啟自走 > (車子直接衝出軌道 全場笑) 跟大家想像的不一樣對不對,可能是因為少做一些設定,所以需要校正 校正後 會自動轉彎,但對環境光的影響很強,日光燈太集中了,平均的光線會比較穩定 ###### tags: `COSCUP2018` `misc`

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