COSCUP
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    # 人工智慧與財務分析 - 王淳恆 {%hackmd tGp8pt49Q2aT5cD5TFyaIA %} > 請從這裡開始 ## 講師 Andrew Wang ## 其實就是證券分析 20170802 獲利了結 重達-KY +162.55% ## 人工智慧分析軟體 - 尋億股 http://www.findbillion.com/ ## 股市分析研究報告 看財報的: * 營收成長率 * 預估每股盈餘(EPS) * 目標價 * 建議 ## 尋億股的人工智慧 1. 預估EPS 2. 評估個股價值 3. 判斷營收成長率 ## 價值 vs. 價格 過去8粒400 = 價值 現在8粒100 = 價格 價值>價格 == 買 但股市價值不容易預估 首先要看財務報表 工程師看不懂 看了想睡覺 第一步要資料視覺化,看出趨勢向上向下 ## 預估每股盈餘EPS 平均稅後淨利率 預估每股盈餘EPS = 近12個月營收*平均稅後淨利率/股本 機器學習的方法 - 多變數回歸 - 目前結合此方法與平均稅後淨利率 - 隨機森林回歸法 - [xgboost](https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) - 未來嘗試的此法,此法結合回歸與決策樹的優點 ## 預估價值(1) - 平均配息(常見) - 平均過去五年的現金股利 ![](https://i.imgur.com/wtkPz9G.png) ## 預估價值(2) - 預估EPS - 平均配息率 x 預估EPS = 預估最新配息 ![](https://i.imgur.com/MAqyZFm.png) ## 預估價值(3) - 本益比 - 預估合理股價 = 過去平均本益比 x 預估EPS - 缺點 - 公司未來成長趨快時會低估 - 公司未來成長趨緩時會高估 ![](https://i.imgur.com/PyJHyVJ.png) ## 預估價值(4) - 機器學習的方法 - 決策樹找出適合本益比法的個股 - 輸入 ROE, 成長率、配習率、目標價入決策樹計算 - 特徵值從哪來? - 請從財務管理課本去找,資料太多了 - 沒有財務背景的話會拿"價"、"量",後面會講缺點 - **估不準的不要買** - 1 - FDR= TP/(TP+TF) - FDR = 錯誤發現率 - 建議買進時 (預估大於1),準確度要高 - 沒買的漲了也沒差 ## 人工智慧開發流程 1. 下載資料(爬蟲與資料庫) 2. 訓練資料與預估(統計/機器學習/人工智慧) 3. 賺錢養家賠錢修正 ## 下載資料 爬蟲 - 取得網頁資料· - 爬蟲 抓網頁資料 - 財報 股價 成交量 籌碼 ETL(Extract Transform Load) - 萃取 Extract - 轉置 Transform - 載入 Load 至目的端(資料庫)的過程 清資料 - 資料很多錯誤,需要校正的地方 ## 資料來源 - 公開資訊觀測站 - 台灣證卷交易所 - 證卷櫃台買賣中心 ## 人工智慧/統計分析等方法 統計(不算人工智慧) 回歸 決策樹/隨機森林 **事後機率 (貝氏定理)** **深度學習** ## 事後機率 (貝氏定理) 全部股票40%會上漲 - p(A=股價上漲) = 0.4 全部股票25%股價低估 - p(B=股價低估) = 0.25 上漲的股票有50%是因為價值低估 依照貝氏定理可得 股價低估的股票中 80%曾上漲 任意選股會有4成交量0%賺到錢,透過價值分析賺錢機率變成80% ## 深度學習 LSTM 利用時間上的相關性 利用深度學習預估台積電股價 22天日開盤 高價 低價 收盤價 以及 成交量做隔日收盤的預估 看起來很好,但如果用同樣東西估計別的股票 會賠錢 ## 過適 overfitting 訓練時參數過度貼近資料,造成不同資料時無法準確預估 ### 處理 overfitting 的問題 Validation Data Set 好的模型是不同區間的資料都能適用 Traning Set = 50% Validation Set = 20% Test Set = 30% 假設台積電長期趨近向上,用這種Data訓練出來的Model,如果哪天突然 不上漲打平 或 下跌 就掛了 因為Model從來沒學過盤整或下跌 要怎樣在Model訓練過程中選最佳的點,避免Overfiting 參數調整過程中,要找到Validation最低點,才是最佳參數點 但大部分的人因為沒有Validation,所以都是在找training set的最低點,就會宣稱自己報酬非常好 市面上9成程式交易都是避免Overfiting 結果剛買來都會準 一陣子之後就不準了 > 造成都是用真金白銀在validation 一開始多頭績效驚人 (AI-Traders 2017/11/22) 11月中疊200點 損益超過-50% 大盤大多數都在盤整和上漲,看不出很差,但金融風暴才會大跌,一次就賠光,再也不更新也沒有model了 人工智慧投資股票實際上是模仿智慧 如果學巴菲特就是慢慢存錢 輔助人類的智慧 減少情緒的判斷 ###### tags: `COSCUP2018` `data`

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