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    <style> *{ text-align: left; } </style> # 研究生完全求生手冊筆記 2024/07/30 * [name=WR CHEN] --- <!-- .slide: style="text-align: left;" --> ### ch1 研究所學什麼? 文獻回顧+1點創意 不要踩別人踩過的坑 --- <!-- .slide: style="text-align: left;" --> ### ch2 黃金與糞土 學術著作的基本條件 1. 原創性、客觀性、嚴謹性:要有創意或提供解決辦法 2. 可靠的證據:文中的解決辦法可以驗證 3. 批判性驗證:考慮限制跟適用性 5. 理論性、系統性與一致性:前後一致、前提假設條件明確 6. 客觀性、可重複性:排除主觀性 7. 跟學術業有明確關係:有繼承、競爭、取代關係 8. 文體清晰:不能有歧意 --- ### ch3 研究歷程與時間表 階段性目標 1. 了解各大流派共識與爭議 2. 策略、研究構想 3. 完成理論 4. 提出論文~3m 論文寫作與修改(1m) 論文草稿提前給口委(2w) 修改論文(1m) 設計示範案例(1m) --- ### ch4 教授 教授不會替我解決問題🙂 教授的責任: * 根據題目給個人化的指導 * 協助規劃研究方向及範圍 * 對研究策略進行風險評估 * 客觀評論者 --- ### ch5 研究主題&論文題目 不要憑空想像 故事線(文獻重要性、目前有的東西、目前缺的東西、能不能商業化)95% (在introduction) 重要的5%需要自己想、發現別人的漏洞 不要當工廠螺絲,做研究可以尖銳,可以找別人的漏洞與缺點找出來,改掉 paper survey要報人名 時間軸 團隊 發過的東西 --- ### ch6 期刊論文的閱讀技巧 1. 粗略看過,看自己能不能看懂,了解分支,判斷背景知識 2. 找與背景知識的相關文獻閱讀。 3. 由淺至深安排次序。 4. 背景知識補齊後,再讀最該讀的(相關、難的) #### 螺旋式閱讀法 * 每次都像回到原點,又多高了一層 * 分多次閱讀,zoom in,從粗略到詳細 * 第一次閱讀:提問 * 想解決的問題?目的? * 方法?學術界如何稱呼? * 屬於哪一領域? * 通常答案在abstract、intro裡 * 第二次閱讀:逐字,不求每句,找相關網頁、專文或教科書 * 第三次閱讀:從了解的一兩成,找跟論文相關的方法、問題、相近的碩博論文,從前面(?)的目錄contents、書末的索引(index,glossary),找出書中與這篇論文相關的章節、頁次、段落 * 第四次閱讀:讀懂3-4成,其餘略懂,再看參考文獻,通常是碩博論或書籍,依難度閱讀 * 第五次閱讀:懂8成,可以經準判斷那兩成需要那些基礎資料,看需求閱讀。 不爬峭壁 一次看懂一批論文 見林不見樹 難度排名: 1. 專業雜誌、寫給學生的的文章 2. 教科書(費時) 3. 專書(一名專家召集許多專家撰寫的edited book,一個主題比論文仔細、清楚) 5. 碩博論文、研究報告 #### 找論文的地方: * google圖書 * filetype:pdf * google scholar學術 * 期刊論文 * 學術會議文 --- ### ch7 總覽文獻 ❎選一個狹隘的論文題目,讀懂後發現,沒有創新及想法,早已被指出許多弱點,然後又再重找新題目 ✅鳥瞰全局,試回答以下問題: 1. 這個研究的焦點跟哪些研究子題相關?如何關聯? 2. 在這個研究焦點和各種相關研究子題上,有過哪些主要的研究角度?哪些主要的主張或 流派? 3. 這些角度、主張與流派各有何優缺點?他們各自舉出過哪些有利於自己的證據?彼此舉出過哪些不利於他方的證據? 4. 你對於這個研究焦點有何想法?既有證據有哪些支持你的想法?有哪些證據可能不利於你的想法? 5. 假如你試著調整對這個研究焦點的看法,有沒有機 會找到更多證據來支持自己的想法?還是可以反過來找到其他競爭者的弱點,來強化自己的主張? #### 鳥瞰全局方法: * 熟知各種搜尋工具的特質與用法 * 找到切合研究主題的回顧型論文(review paper/survey paper)或專書,迅速找到一個研究主題的概梗和重點 * 該研究領域的各大資深學者寫的回顧型論文 * review paper入門級淺白但參考資料較不完備,專業級艱深但流派齊全 * 優良期刊上都不錯,慎選作者,需要作者出身調查 * 用goolgle學術找關鍵字,選擇時間範圍,選擇摘要看起來視野寬到像回顧行論文的共篩選近50筆,找出7-8篇。 --- ### ch8 如何找到突破及創新 學術論文的範圍 - 論文題目與範圍是動態的 - 創新的可能性、對學術界與務實界會有衝擊 - 在時間內論證的可能性 - 問題類型的搜集與論證 - 證據的可靠度、完整度、論證過程的嚴謹度 - 粗估矛盾、結論、成因、範圍 題目的系統性關聯與契機 - 抄

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