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    ###### tags:`1112學期` `計算機概論` # 期中 ## 簡報 ### 簡介Arduino: 1. 功能: Arduino 是一款開源的硬體平台和相關的軟體開發工具,供一個簡單易用的方式來創建互動式電子裝置和原型。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/yfFrtnx.jpg) 2. 特點: * 易於學習和使用:Arduino 的開發工具非常易於使用,且配有豐富的教學資源和社群支持。 * 開源平台:Arduino 是一個完全開源的平台,用戶可以自由地使用、修改、分享和分發 Arduino 的硬體和軟體資源。 * 靈活性和可擴展性:Arduino 的硬體平台非常靈活,支援多種不同的感測器和控制器,並可以通過擴展板進一步擴展功能。 * 低成本和高效率:Arduino 的硬體和軟體都是低成本、高效率的,這使得 Arduino 成為一個非常受歡迎的開源硬體平台。 * 社群和支持:Arduino 社群非常活躍,用戶可以通過討論區、網站、社交媒體等方式得到豐富的支持和資源。 ### 硬體與軟體介紹: 1. Arduino 開發板的結構和原理: * 開發板原理: * 程序編寫:使用Arduino開發板時,首先需要編寫代碼。程式語言常用的是C++語言,編譯器負責將C++語言轉換為機器碼。 * 燒錄代碼:編寫好的代碼需要通過USB接口將代碼燒錄到開發板中的微控制器中,燒錄的時候需要選擇好開發板型號和通訊端口。 * 運行代碼:當燒錄完成後,開發板就可以運行代碼了。代碼通過數字/模擬引腳控制外部電路,從而實現各種功能,例如控制LED閃爍、讀取按鈕狀態、控制馬達轉動等。 * 互動通訊:當開發板運行代碼時,可以通過USB接口與計算機進行通訊,例如將測量的數據通過串口傳輸到計算機端,從而進行數據處理和展示。 2. Arduino Mega、Nano、Uno等不同型號的區別差異: ![](https://i.imgur.com/ewxT8qy.jpg) 3. Arduino C 語言的應用: Arduino 開發板的軟體開發工具是基於 C 語言的 Wiring 語言,其語法和 C 語言非常類似,因此 Arduino 開發板也可以使用 C 語言進行編程。Arduino C 語言的應用主要包括使用各種不同的函數庫 * setup() 只會只執行一次,(如 Arduino 接腳輸出/入狀態設定) * loop() 執行完 setup() 函式後,接著執行的函式,而且會一直執行 ### Arduino應用: 1. 家庭監控系統:使用者可透過網頁端或手機知道居家環境的即時資訊。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/tPyeNgC.jpg) 2. 行動智慧醫療照護: ![](https://i.imgur.com/n2LEym1.png) - 行動醫療照護 APP: 醫療人員手機會有醫療照護的APP軟體,可以查看自己所負責的病房資訊 ![](https://i.imgur.com/UzFakjn.png) 假如資訊有異常狀況,手機的緊急通知會有警告聲音及震動 ![](https://i.imgur.com/jb8WPyk.png) - 病患資訊查詢頁面:網頁的病房資訊可以看到病人姓名、疾病、溫度、心跳、病人需求、摔倒及詳細資料。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/GPV5pRc.png) ### 簡介UNO控制板: ![](https://i.imgur.com/lS87FSe.jpg) 1. 供電:USB連接埠、電源輸入插座、Vin腳位 ![](https://i.imgur.com/JmHB5PK.jpg) 2. 數位輸出、輸入腳位:這些腳位可輸出高電位5V與低電位0V的數位訊號,也可接受數位訊號 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zX7gGHO.jpg) 3. 類比輸入腳位:A0至A5六個腳位,可用來接受類比電壓輸入,但不能輸出類比電壓 ![](https://i.imgur.com/VCaGdcR.jpg) 4. 重置鈕與RESET:按下重置鈕會使得控制板重新執行使用者燒錄之程式 ![](https://i.imgur.com/rqVMzis.jpg) ## 期中講稿 ### 簡介Arduino: * 特點: 易於學習和使用:Arduino 的開發工具非常易於使用,且配有豐富的教學資源和社群支持。 Arduino 的用途非常廣泛,包括感測器、控制器、音樂裝置、機器人、家庭自動化、藝術裝置等各種電子產品和原型的製作。 ### 硬體與軟體介紹 * 差異: Arduino Mega 是一款功能強大的 Arduino 開發板,擁有較多的輸入輸出接口,可以連接更多的擴展模組,適合應用於需要控制大型裝置或進行複雜的控制系統的場合。 Arduino Nano 是一款體積小巧的 Arduino 開發板,擁有較少的輸入輸出接口,但是它的體積非常小,非常適合用於需要體積較小的應用場合。 Arduino Uno 是一款常用的 Arduino 開發板,它擁有充足的輸入輸出接口,適合大多數的 Arduino 開發應用場景,並且其在市場上的普及度非常高 * Arduino C 語言的應用: 例如:用於控制輸入和輸出的 digitalRead 和 digitalWrite 函數,用於串口通訊的 Serial 函數,以及各種不同的感測器函數庫等等。使用 C 語言可以幫助開發者更靈活地控制和操作 Arduino 開發板的各種功能。 ### Arduino應用: 1. 家庭監控系統: * 將溫濕度感測器、煙霧感測器做為測定危險與安全的考量。 * 將Arduino所測定到的數據傳到傳送到MySQL資料庫上,讓MySQL資料庫成為Arduino的資訊站。 * 將MySQL上的資料,利用PHP以及sql語法做分類,把資料做為動態網頁。 2. 行動智慧醫療照護: * 讓護理人員及家屬可以更加方便快速的去觀察、分析、紀錄病人的相關身體情況及接收病人需求,藉此達到提升醫療品質的效果。 * 病患穿戴溫度、心跳、三軸感測器並透過WIFI自動傳送生理資訊給伺服器。 * 溫度、心跳感測器提供體溫、心跳,三軸感測器使用角速度測量是否摔倒以及利用三軸感測器判斷XYZ軸,在病床旁設置一個指令裝置,讓病人或家屬可以隨時傳送需求給醫護人員。 * 醫護人員可藉由手機或網頁觀察病患的相關資訊及需求,假如有緊急情況發生,手機及網頁都會有警告提醒醫護人員。 ### 簡介UNO控制板: 1. 供電: Arduino Uno可透過三個管道提供電源:USB連接埠、電源輸入插座、Vin腳位。Arduino Uno的運作直流電壓為5V,以正確方式提供電源,不只是為了讓控制板正常運作,也為了避免損壞控制板。 2. 數位輸出、輸入腳位: * 腳位編號為0到13,不過通常會寫為D0到D13表示為數位腳位(D代表Digital) * D3、D5、D6、D9、D10、D11的數字編號旁,還有個波浪符號(~),這表示這些腳位可以用數位訊號來模擬出類比訊號 * D0與D1這兩個數位腳位,分別被標示了RX(Receiver)、TX(Transmitter),這兩個腳位用於序列埠傳送,且與USB序列埠連接,因此電腦若使用USB與控制板互傳資料時(可見到控制板上標示為RX、TX的LED閃爍),應避免使用D0、D1兩個腳位。 * D13腳位連接著控制板上標示為L的LED,若是原廠控制板,預設會燒錄一個令D13定時切換高低電位的Blink程式,因此,首次接上電源時,會看到標示為L的LED不斷閃爍,這是初步檢視控制板是否功能正常的方式。 3. 類比輸入腳位: * A0至A5六個腳位,可用來接受類比電壓輸入,但不能輸出類比電壓 * 控制板上ATmega328內建類比數位轉換器,預設會將0V到5V轉換為0至1023的數值。 * A0至A5也可作為數位輸出、輸入腳位使用,此時A0至A5分別可視為D14至D19。 4. 重置鈕與RESET: * 按下重置鈕會使得控制板重新執行使用者燒錄之程式 * 控制板下方有個RESET腳位,當它處於低電位時,也會有相同的重置效果,如同按下重置鈕。 ## 實作 ### 製作動機 我們之所以選擇做硬幣分類器的原因,是因為很多店家每天要面對很多硬幣,但因為過於繁雜,常常在計算上不小心出現錯誤,也耗費許多心力與時間,因此我們想藉由arduino做一個硬幣分類器來解決這個問題,也能讓數硬幣這個過程變得有趣一些。 此外,透過這個demo,我們可以學習到很多有關硬體、傳感器和程式設計的配合。 ### 開發步驟 1. 如何開始用arduino創作 ![](https://i.imgur.com/GAC8wXx.png) step1. 寫下點子 隨 ## 參考資料 https://openhome.cc/Gossip/Books/mBlockArduino1-3and1-4.html (uno簡介) http://cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~rbwu/rapid_content/course/IoT_Intro/Ch1_Arduino.pdf (uno簡介) https://csie.nuu.edu.tw/var/file/41/1041/img/940/831679312.pdf (行動智慧醫療照護) https://csie.asia.edu.tw/uploads/asset/data/609d2515063ca2b5f000009e/09.pdf (智慧家庭監控系統) https://www.lazytomatolab.com/as-01/ (Arduino 是什麼)

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