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    # 01燭之武退秦師/左傳 .原文第1段 :::warning 晉侯、秦伯圍鄭,以其無禮於晉,且貳於楚也。晉軍函陵,秦軍氾南。佚之狐言於鄭伯曰:「國危矣!若使燭之武見秦君,師必退。」 ::: 晉文公、秦穆公聯合圍攻鄭國。因為鄭文公曾經對晉文公無禮,並懷有二心,親近楚國而背叛晉國。晉國軍隊駐紮在函陵,秦國軍隊駐紮在氾水之南。佚之狐向鄭文公說:「國家情勢危急了!如果派燭之武去見秦穆公,秦軍一定會撤退。」 .原文第2段 :::warning 公從之。辭曰:「臣之壯也,猶不如人。今老矣!無能為也已。」公曰:「吾不能早用子,今急而求子,是寡人之過也。然鄭亡,子亦有不利焉!」許之,夜縋而出。 ::: 鄭文公聽從佚之狐的建議,去請求燭之武。燭之武推辭說:「臣在壯年時,尚且比不上別人;如今老了,不能有什麼作為了。」鄭文公說:「我不能及早重用您,現在國家情勢危急了才來請求您,這是寡人的過錯。然而若是鄭國滅亡了,對您也不利啊!」燭之武答應了。到了晚上,燭之武利用繩子偷偷垂吊出城。 .原文第3段 :::warning 見秦伯曰:「秦、晉圍鄭,鄭既知亡矣!若亡鄭而有益於君,敢以煩執事。越國以鄙遠,君知其難也。焉用亡鄭以陪鄰?鄰之厚,君之薄也。若舍鄭以為東道主,行李之往來,共其乏困,君亦無所害。且君嘗為晉君賜矣!許君焦、瑕,朝濟而夕設版焉!君之所知也。夫晉,何厭之有?既東封鄭,又欲肆其西封,若不闕秦,將焉取之?闕秦以利晉,惟君圖之!」 ::: 燭之武見到了秦穆公說:「秦、晉圍攻鄭國,鄭國已經知道要滅亡了!如果滅掉鄭國對您有好處的話,那就勞煩您來攻打吧。越過晉國而以偏遠的鄭國作為秦的邊邑,您知道其中的困難。那麼,何必滅掉鄭國,以增加晉國的領土呢?晉國的實力雄厚了,相對的,您的實力就削弱了。您如果放過鄭國,把鄭國做為東方道路上負責招待的主人,使者的往來,鄭國可以供應他們所欠缺的物資,這對您也沒有害處。況且您曾經給予晉惠公恩惠,他答應送您焦、瑕兩地,結果早上才渡過黃河回晉,晚上就築起城牆來防禦秦國!這是您所知道的。晉國哪有滿足的時候呢?晉國已經開拓了東邊的疆界,就又會想要擴張西方的疆域,如果不損害秦國,那麼要從何處去取得土地呢?損害秦國才有利於晉國,希望您能仔細考慮! .原文第4段 :::warning 秦伯說,與鄭人盟。使杞子、逢孫、楊孫戍之,乃還。 ::: 秦穆公聽了很高興,於是和鄭國結盟,並派杞子、逢孫、揚孫三人戍守鄭國,然後才撤軍回秦國去。 .原文第5段 :::warning 子犯請擊之,公曰:「不可。微夫人之力不及此。因人之力而敝之,不仁。失其所與,不知。以亂易整,不武。吾其還也。」亦去之。 ::: 晉大夫子犯請求晉文公攻擊秦軍,晉文公說:「不可以。如果沒有秦穆公的幫助,我不會有今天的地位。憑藉他人的幫助卻反過來傷害他,這是不仁;攻擊秦軍,失去親善的盟國,這是不明智;以混亂分裂來取代團結和諧,這是不合用武之道。」於是晉國也撤軍離開了鄭國。

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