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    以 OpenStreetMap 建立地圖服務 === ###### tags: `2018`, `R2` ##### 位置: R2 ##### 講者:蔡志展 [TOC] {%slideshare 貼這裡xxxx/yyyy %} --- 投影片 - http://bit.ly/2RwWiNu ## OSM 是什麼? OpenStreetMap 開放街圖 ## 商業圖資漲價 - 巨大的技術壁壘取得很大的市場佔有率 - 每月前 200 美金免費,大約是 28,000 頁免費存取 - 新的用多少算多少pay as you go 計價模式 - 漲了1400倍 - 十八個API功能變成三種分類Maps, Routes, and Places, 需先開計價帳戶與註冊API KEY - 集體跳船潮 ## Google API 路徑規劃費用 - 系統簡化 ![](https://www.jiuwa.net/tuku/20180224/sXfcjFa2.gif) > 糟糕怎麼要收錢了怎麼辦? > 塊陶啊 [name=蔡志展] - 不知道怎麼找到正確的系統架構跟串 API ## 講題設定 FOSS4G研討會 - 基本 OSM ## Free and Open Source ## OSM 開放應用的全球圖資 - 其資料已開放資料庫授權(ODbL)方式開放,相關伺服器等資源則由其他授權 ## The map of Taiwan started at 2008 - Enrico Zini - Arne Goetje - 台灣早期主要最強大的地圖開發者 ## OSM in Taiwan - 從無到有 January 2008 - July 2018 - Google Map/M$ Map 較重商業用途所以市區地圖比較細膩 - 防災用途、救災用途 - 目前是台灣爬山最好用的地圖 ![](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/6770741/43717289-ae91eaf2-99a4-11e8-86ff-8b45c8f563c1.gif) ## OpenStreetMap 編輯器類型 - [iD](http://ideditor.com) - 最簡單的編輯器,能在瀏覽器裡使用 - [JOSM](https://josm.openstreetmap.de) - 獨立的 Java 桌面應用程式 - [Potlatch2](https://www.openstreetmap.org/edit?editor=potlatch2) - iD 的前身,仍然被少數人使用 ## 進入新手教學 > osm.org ## 可用參考來源 - 怎麼畫地圖? - 兩種模式 - 1. 手刻(空照圖把道路畫出來) - 2. 以現有資料(例:空照圖)進行描繪 > 因為 Google 太貴所以越來越多公司來使用 OSM ## 使用者產製 - 透過手機、運動手錶搜集的 GPX - 文字記錄點位 - 包含經緯度紀錄的照片 - 語音訊息 - 利用空拍機拍攝空戰圖 - 配合OpenDroneMap做出正射影像 - 透過OpenAerialMap提供圖台 - 透過Mapillary記錄沿途街景 - Mapillary : 民眾去搜集 - [Strava](http://labs.strava.com/heatmap/) - 一個跑步或是自行車的軟體 - 透過maps.me回報地理點位 ## 一步一腳印學習開放街圖 [OSM學習網址](http://learnosm.org/zh_TW/) - 還不齊全 - 如果貢獻者還不夠齊全就會不夠好 ## OSM 原理 - 第一步: 搜集一些經緯度資料 - 第二步: 標籤資料 - 第三步: 地圖風格樣式表:呈現出來的樣子 ## 像是 HTML/CSS - text - CSS - 呈現出來的樣子 ## 幾何模型 - 點 - 線 - 面 ## 點/節點 像是二二八和平公園紀念碑,一個景物 ## 線/路徑(way) 由兩個點連線成一條街道 https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/217283253 ## 面/Area 把一個封閉的區塊Block起來,就會變成一個Area,就可以去描述成他是一個建築物。 ICCK https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/115547602 ## 關係(Relation) - 用以連結多個物件,常用於以下: - 道路網路 - 森林 - https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/4602803 - 大眾運輸 - 河道 - 透過發現關係,判斷出哪些屬於外匡線、哪些屬於要挖掉的線e.g.森林、河道 ## 編輯紀錄 - 很多圖客一起編輯,有時會改到同一份資料 - 有時會因為目標不同,而有衝突編輯 - 呈現道路描述 - 導航計算 - 可透過線上編輯工具互相協調 :::info v.s.在OSM的wiki定義上: ![](https://i.imgur.com/cI2FXuf.png) 但應該:當套用在本地上,需要透過本地的社群一起討論出。 ::: ## 備註/Note - 可用以回報地圖錯誤 - Facebook - 也可察看別人回報之問題 ## 授權條款 - OSM 的 open 多 open? ## 貢獻者條款 - 要使用貢獻者圖資的話,有一份資料叫做貢獻者條款 - 所提供的資料不可以盜用他人智慧產權 - 將授權轉移給 OSMF 開放給接圖基金會,免費供其利用 - 包含以DBCL 1.0 轉移授權給他人,或作為商業利用。 可以在遵守上述外,公開。 ## Open Database License - OSM 從 2012/09/12 後的資料,是使用ODbL散佈。ODbL 條款有寬鬆的授權模式 - 這些特性影響到以OSM為基礎開發的作品是否也該以ODBL授權方式再次散步,或是聲明資料來自使用ODBL的OSM資料庫。 ## 作品的區分方式 - 而作品的區分方式分為 - Produced Work 產製作品 - Derived Work 衍生作品 - 例如把 OSM 輸出成圖檔或是紙本地圖,這即是「產製作品」。如果是直接改造原始資料庫,則為「衍生作品」。 ::: info 用overpass取出圖徵 記得要遵守版權 ::: ## 根據載具不同使用不同的格式 OSM Date Dump in OSM XML, PBF → Converted to Distribution format → Rendering [解釋] 先抓到地圖的原始圖資 轉成一個可以散佈可格式 輸出成可以散佈結果 ## Tiled web map Pipeline ## OSM 應用領域一份地圖、各自繪圖 ## 基於不同的呈現技術使用不同的樣式表 - 隨著時間會有不同的樣式表使用 ## 圖資資免費 - 頻寬、伺服器都需要維護成本 ## 標準圖層由學術單位提供 ==**國網中心**== :::warning 千萬別直接拿來商用,可能會被屏蔽 學術資源有限 可以自己開一個Server來放地圖 ::: ## 魯地圖元素 - Rudy's Taiwan TOPO - 配合內政部資料 ## Mapsforge - OSM Data Dump In OSM XML, PRF - Convert to > 同樣的圖資透過不同的處理可呈現在不同的載具上面 ## OSM Software Stack ## OSM for DevOps ## import OSM data into postGIS for QGIS ## ship a tile server in 10 min ## Customized tile style ## 例子 - 台灣飲水機地圖 - [OSMHACKTW github](https://github.com/OsmHackTW) ## Nominatim - 地名轉經緯度的問題 - 台灣地址不夠齊全 - 未針對台灣地名與地址做斷詞 - 沒有對台灣的路名格式做拆池 ## 條條大路通羅馬 ## 路線資料計算 - 路線規劃 - 判斷道路類型 - 車道數量 - 道路鋪面 - 可通行交通工具 - 可用方向 - 速限 ## implementations ## 如何切換到 OSM - 土炮 自己的 - [switch2osm](https://switch2osm.org/) - [OSM2VectorTiles](https://openmaptiles.org/osm2vectortiles) - 商業服務 - Mapbox - Carto - Thunderforest by Gravitystorm Limited - Stamen - Geofabrik - Boundless

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