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    --- title: 讀寫檔 - Python 教學 description: 中興大學資訊研究社1101學期程式分享會主題社課 tags: Python --- ###### [Python 教學/](/@NCHUIT/py) # 讀寫檔 > [name=HuiXillya][time= 110,12,2] 在程式中開啟檔案,眾所周知,電腦儲存資料的方式是以數位(0與1)的方式儲存。 所以我們在對檔案操作的時候,需要注意檔案的編碼。 ## 文字檔編碼介紹 ### ASCII 一般英數字會使用的編碼,使用一個Byte,若使用正整數表示之,則範圍為0-255 舉例來說 'A' = '0100 0001' 'B' = '0100 0010' 'C' = '0100 0011' [...更多](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII) ### Big5 一般來說用在繁體中文,尤其在以前系統中最為常見 現已逐漸不被使用 ### utf-8 [編碼方式](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/db2/11.5?topic=support-unicode-character-encoding) 現今最常見之文字編碼方式,適用於所有語言,當然啦就是用更多位元來表示一個字 ## 開啟檔案 [參考這邊](https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/functions.html?highlight=open#open) 範例 ```python= file_obj = open('test.txt','r') # test.txt 這部分要填你要開啟的檔案名稱(路徑) # r 這個是代表你要開啟的方式 r 代表讀檔 w 代表寫檔 ``` 指定編碼 ```python= file_obj = open('test.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') ``` ### 讀檔 #### 讀取指定大小 ```python= file_obj.read(1) #一次讀一個字 ``` ```python= file_obj.read() #一次讀完(剩下的)全部 ``` #### 讀一行 ```python= file_obj.readlines() ``` ### 寫檔 ```python= file_obj = open('test.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') ``` 以bytes的形式寫入(多媒體) ```python= file_obj = open('test.txt','wb',encoding='utf-8') #多加了一個b ``` #### 連續寫入 ```python= file_obj.write(strs) #放入你要寫入的東西(strs),會直接接續在檔案後方 ``` 多媒體同理,直接丟進去就好 #### 單行寫入 ```python= file_obj.writeline(strs) #與write沒什麼不同,只是多幫你換一行 ``` ## 儲存檔案(關閉檔案) ```python= file_obj.close() #關閉檔案並儲存 ``` ## 另一種方法 ```python= with open('test.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as file_obj: file_obj.write('im cool...') #. #. #做完會自動存檔 ```

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