郭俊甫
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    ###### tags: `1062` `LSA` `ncnu` Resource == * Slide [Web Security](https://www.slideshare.net/ssuser86d124/web-security-92308170) * Slide [Linux 網路部署](http://moodle.ncnu.edu.tw/mod/resource/view.php?id=468344) * NCNU CTF - Somebody's Great Website - http://128.199.191.19:3000/ Network === ### TCP/IP ![「tcp/ip」的圖片搜尋結果](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/UDP_encapsulation.svg/350px-UDP_encapsulation.svg.png) ### DMZ DMZ:將對外的服務隔離起來,使DMZ的區域沒辦法打進內網。 BT的親身經歷:某單位將重要的 server 跟內網綁一起,沒有dmz,又剛好他們 Windows 的 IIS 權限開很高,透過 sniffer 就不小心拿到了一些重要的資料。另外最好的情況是 DMZ 跟 NAT 完全切開。 ### iptables - 封包的處理流程 ![「iptable」的圖片搜尋結果](https://images2017.cnblogs.com/blog/732967/201801/732967-20180131164529234-1655331154.png) <br > - 主要功能: 1.拒絕來自某些ip的封包進入 `iptables -t filter -A INPUT -s 201.8.31.1 -j drop` 2.拒絕讓Internet的封包進入主機的某些port `iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 201.8.31.1 --dport 2018 -j drop` 4.拒絕讓帶有某些特殊flag(SYN、ICMP)的封包進入 5.分析硬體位置(MAC)來決定連線與否 6.實現Port Forwarding - NAT教學 - 讓內網的電腦可以連到外網 `sudo sysct1 -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1` `iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.1 -j MASQUERADE` - 讓外網的封包傳給內網的伺服器 `iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 201.8.31.1 \-dport 8080 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.1:80...(不完整)` <br > ICMP 是網路的偵錯協定,例如我們常用的ping指令,其實就是向目標機器送一個IMCP echo Request(0), 對方機器就會回傳一個icmp echo Response(8),就能知道目標機器是否能從我這邊打入。 TCP 3-way-handshake:為了確保我跟目標主機的可靠性,在我傳資料給他之前先告訴他("安安 我想跟妳建立連線(SYN)"),對方機器表示("好,我可以跟妳進行連線(SYN/ACK)"),我再告訴他("好,那我確定跟妳建立連線,開始傳資料給妳(ACK)")(例如http是屬於tcp的連線)。 UDP:我不管對方有沒有收到,就直接送資料過去(常用在VoIP) DROP 跟 Reject 差別:REJECT會回傳對方一個 RST message(例如中國的防火長城,就是透過RST訊息讓牆內的瀏覽器知道沒辦法連線youtube;或是server的port根本沒開,也會送RST給client),DROP的話就是不管他了0.0 BT 補充:因爲 driver 的關係,基本上現在電腦中所有的卡號想改多少就可以改多少,只是合不合法(valid)而已 內部 IP 使用還是得遵循保留 IP 的[規定](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_IP_addresses)使用 private 網段,若是使用非保留 IP,那會在該台電腦斷線後,其他內網裝置想去連線時,會連到外部機器 ### 防止 SQL Injection [用變數方式存取以防止 SQL Injection](https://qiita.com/hyakuson/items/68ccdb2e50b45759586e) [npm SQL Injection Module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sql-injection) ### 討論問題 SYN 等 flag 是在 iptables 的哪邊處理判斷?

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