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    # CPU作成 ###### tags: `情報` ## RISC-V - 命令セットはRISC-V - 新しい命令セットらしい ## ??? - data_memには`w_addr`と`r_addr`が必要だがどこから伸びているのか - ここはaluの方がを見ればいいらしい - br_takenはPCで使われる - loadとstoreでdata_memが使われる - loadするときにaluはdata_memからデータを受け取るがopr1とopr2の2つしかない.どういう風に受け取るのか ## 設計 - CPUの設計をどうしようかで迷う - [ここ](https://wwang.github.io/teaching/CS5513_Spr19/lectures/Base_CPU_Implementation.pdf)が参考になりそう - その前に簡単にモジュールの説明 - モジュールの名前,モジュールの説明,入出力回路 - PC - programme counter - according to the clock, tell what address to execute - reset circuit if needed - IN - `clk` `rst` `br_taken` `cpc(32)` - OUT - `npc(32)` - mem - memory - read and write PCs from a hex file into mem - and get an instruction from the mem - IN - `clk` `r_addr(5)` - OUT - `pc(32)` - decode - instruction decode - get an instruction and return certain values - IN - `ins(32)` - OUT - `rs_addr1(5)` `rs_addr2(5)` `rd_addr(5)` `imm(32)` `alucode(6)` `aluop1_type(2)` `aluop2_type(2)` `wren` `is_load` `is_store` `is_halt` - reg_file - register file - keep certain values - IN - `clk` `rst` `rs_addr1(5)` `rs_addr2(5)` `rd_addr(5)` - OUT - `opr1(32)` `opr2(32)` - ALU - arithmetic logic unit - get the alucode and operands, and return the result - IN - `alucode(6)` `opr1(32)` `opr2(32)` - OUT - `alu_result(32)` `br_taken` - data_mem - data memory - IN - `clk` `is_load` `is_store` `r_addr` `w_addr` `w_data` - OUT - `r_data` - 大まかな流れは次のようになる ```graphviz digraph CPU{ node[shape=block] label = "CPU Flow" rankdir = LR pc -> mem pc -> pc alu -> pc mem -> decoder decoder -> reg_file reg_file -> alu alu -> data_mem data_mem -> reg_file decoder -> alu decoder -> data_mem pc -> reg_file reg_file -> data_mem } ``` - これらのステージを抽象化すると以下のようになる - 略称 - IF:Instruction Fetch - ID: Instruction Decode & Register Fetch - Exec: Execution & Calculation - Mem: Memory Access & Branch Complete - WB: Write Back ```graphviz digraph{ node [shape=circle] rankdir=LR "IF"->"ID"->"Exec"->"Mem"->"WB" } ``` - そしてそれぞれのステージを実装すれば良い - もはや何もわからないので教科書を読んでいる - 教科書を一通り読んだら多少は理解が深まった気がする - そこまで難しく考える必要はないっぽい - 所詮は回路の素子から回路のサブセットを作る - そこから組み合わせて回路を作る - 最初にfetchする部分を作った方が良さそう - fetchの部分は完成した? - テストも書こうと思ったけど上手く行かなかった - つまり書き方がよくわからない - まぁいいでしょう - 次はadderを書こうかな - adderを作る - できた(はず) - memoryを作る - memoryっぽいものはできた - 次にwriteback - できたっぽい - regとnpcっぽいのもできた? - とりあえず諸々ができたということでテストをしてみる - まずはできた部品をつなげる - 繋げたらできていないことがわかった - なにもわからない - なんか分かってきたかも知れない - よくわからなかったので上のように流れを書き換えた - これで大分全体の流れを理解しやすくなった - 流れを考えている.ずっと - ここさえ完全に理解すれば書くだけ - やっぱりよくわからないでやっていたけど,流石にわかったっぽい - データメモリがよくわからん - 色々モジュールはできたけど,そのモジュールを繋げるのが無理 - `rs1`が上手く繋がっていないっぽい - とりあえず`reg_file`を初期化すれば良いよう(?) - 初期化はした.全て$0$にした - しかしまた失敗する - 聞いてみた所初期化して0になったはずが他の値が(不定値)が入り込んで困った感じになっているらしいのでこれを探す - 全部初期化した方がいいらしいのにしていなかったのでする - 順序回路・組み合わせ回路の違いがよくわかっていない - 順序回路の出力は現在と過去の入力に依存する - 組み合わせ回路の出力は現在の入力に依存する - この中で順序回路を初期化する - ただし`verilog`では`reg`ならば速攻順序回路ということにはならない - `alucode`が入った時に`rs1`が不定値になっているっぽいので,そこら辺を見る - メモリ周りがおかしいらしい

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