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    --- title: 石膏的固化原理 YAML: metas type: slide langs: zh-tw breaks: true --- <span style="font-family:Courier;"> <font size=7> 石膏的固化原理 <font size=6> 第一組 <font size=5> 110000002陳俊安 110000003李昱葶 110000004曾子馨 110000005黃威翔 110000006黃冠達 110000008葉晉碩 --- 大綱 ---- <span style="font-family:Courier;"> <font size=5> - 石膏分類 - 鍛燒作用 - 固化機制 - setting過程 - 影響固化時間的因素 --- 石膏分類 ---- <span style="font-family:Courier;"> <font size=5> - 剛從礦物提煉出來,帶著水的結晶,稱為<font color= goldenrod>生石膏(gypsum)</font>。 - 成分為二水硫酸鈣 CaSO~4~·2H~2~O - 二水硫酸鈣在空氣中加熱到110~130度後,成為半水硫酸鈣 CaSO~4~·1/2H~2~O - 加水會走逆反應,變回二水硫酸鈣而固化並放熱 ---- <font size=5> 熟石膏加水反應成生石膏的化學式 $$ CaSO_4·{1\over2}H_2O\quad+\quad 1{1\over2}H_2O \quad\to\quad CaSO_4·2H_2O\quad + \quad3900cal/g $$ --- <span style="font-family:Courier;"> 鍛燒作用(Calcination) ---- <font size=5> - 熟石膏在不同條件下加熱會得到不同型態的結晶 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/fBPb6hT.jpg) <font size=5> <span style="font-family:Courier;"> - 在<font color= #FF6600>110~130°C</font>時會得到半水硫酸鈣 - 可根據不同條件而分成α型(dental stone)或<br>β型(plaster of paris) - 在<font color= #008000>130~200°C</font>時會得到六方硫酸鈣 - 此為水溶性無水石膏 - 在<font color= firebrick>200~1000°C</font>時會得到斜方硫酸鈣 - 此為不溶性無水石膏 > <font size=3> 圖片來源:Phillips' Science of Dental Materials P.183 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/7GvDAFW.png) <font size=5> <span style="font-family:Courier;"> 左為α型 右為β型 > <font size=3> 圖片來源:Observing Microstructural Evolution During Plaster Hydration, uploaded by Jonathan Mitchell --- 固化機制 ---- 兩個步驟 <font size=5> <span style="font-family:Courier;"> 1. 溶解 - 半水硫酸鈣溶解於水中 2. 析出 - 二水硫酸鈣的溶解度比半水硫酸鈣低 → 半水硫酸鈣形成過飽和溶液<br>會析出二水硫酸鈣 - <font color= goldenrod>setting</font>:其他石膏初步形成的核為凝結位置,開始凝集 ---- 半水硫酸鈣和二水硫酸鈣在不同溫度的溶解度 <font size=5> <span style="font-family:Courier;"> | temperature(°C) | CaSO~4~·1/2H~2~O<br>(g/100g water) | CaSO~4~·2H~2~O<br>(g/100g water) | |:---------------:|:--------:|:--------:| | 20 | 0.90 | 0.200 | | 25 | 0.80 | 0.205 | | 30 | 0.72 | 0.209 | | 40 | 0.61 | 0.210 | | 50 | 0.50 | 0.205 | | 100| 0.17 | 0.170 | > <font size=3>表格來源:Craig's Restorative Dental Materials P.255 ---- <span style="font-family:Courier;"> setting過程微觀 <font size=5> 1. 混和溶解 - 形成表面有光澤的黏稠液體 2. 形成針狀析出 - 溶液出現可塑性,失去光澤 3. 固化 - 針狀結晶互相推擠,全部卡在一起,並且固化膨脹 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/YjG9l4D.png =40%x) <font size = 5> 將上一張表格畫成折線圖如此圖所示<br> 橘線跟紅線分別是二水硫酸鈣跟半水流酸鈣<br> Anhydrite則是無水硫酸鈣 --- 影響固化時間的原因 ---- 三大主因 <font size=5> <span style="font-family:Courier;"> - 溶解度 - 晶體成長的速度 - 凝結核的數量 ---- 晶體成長的速度 <font size=5> <span style="font-family:Courier;"> - 可由添加劑來控制 - 加速劑:硫酸鉀、氯化鈣、酒石酸鉀鈉、石膏等 - 減速劑:硼砂、檸檬酸、醋酸鹽類 ---- 凝結核的數量 <font size=5> <span style="font-family:Courier;"> 1. 水粉比 - 除了會影響時間也會影響強度與膨脹率 - 水越少setting time越短 2. mixing time - 混合時間越長及攪拌速度越快的話setting time越短 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/BDLiE0i.png) --- 我們的報告到此結束 謝謝大家><

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