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    --- tags: 1102, lsa --- - [Book mode](https://hackmd.io/@ncnu-opensource/book) # Week 10 (2022/04/21) ## 備份 * `/dev/zero` * 沒有路徑通往它 * 產生一個很大檔案,裡面都是 0 * 如果有人想要掃描這個硬體,硬體表面都會顯示 0,讓你找不到 * `/dev/random` * 產生一個很大檔案,裡面都是隨機亂數 * 如果檔案不見,找的方式 * 一個一個 sector (或 byte) 找 * 如果符合檔案的相關資訊,就繼續往下找 * 如果要丟硬碟,又不想要硬碟資料外洩 * 將硬碟全部亂數覆寫 * 小 Demo * `cd Desktop` * `whereis ls` * `file /usr/bin/ls` * `hexdump -C /usr/bin/ls | less` * ASCII 編碼的檔案 header ![](https://i.imgur.com/QAw79vZ.png =80%x) * 備份 demo ![](https://i.imgur.com/AhGfY6d.jpg) * image * 與原本檔案一比一映射 * 原本 sector 多大,image 的 sector 就要多大,硬碟表面都是亂數 * 備份單一資料庫 * `mysqldump -u username -h localhost -p backup > backup.sql` * `-p` 等下要你輸入密碼 * 如果沒有 `-p` 代表你不用密碼 * `mysqldump --no-tablespaces -u username -h localhost` :::success * 備份可以避免 * 手殘 * 資料遺失 * 但是備份不能避免服務中斷 ::: - [**SRE**](https://medium.com/kkstream/%E5%A5%BD%E6%96%87%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF-%E4%BD%A0%E5%9C%A8%E6%89%BE%E7%9A%84%E6%98%AF-sre-%E9%82%84%E6%98%AF-devops-2ded43c2852) ## 自動化 * 自動化的主要原因是避免出錯 * [Perl](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl) * 服務在**每天**固定的時間死掉,可能是 `corn.daily` 裡面有問題 :::info ### 環境變數 - 更改某個指令的變數 ( 短期更改 ) - `LC_ALL=C <指令>` - 看你有那些變數 - `export` - 看單一變數 - `echo $<變數名稱>` - 長期改變單一變數方式 - `export <變數名稱>=<新變數>` :::

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