謝朋諺
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

      Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Explore these features while you wait
      Complete general settings
      Bookmark and like published notes
      Write a few more notes
      Complete general settings
      Write a few more notes
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

    Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Explore these features while you wait
    Complete general settings
    Bookmark and like published notes
    Write a few more notes
    Complete general settings
    Write a few more notes
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # IVA - Retail Human-Place Interaction > [name=謝朋諺(Adam Hsieh)] > [time=Wed, Apr 17, 2019 3:30 PM] ###### tags: `paper` `IVA` --- ## Understanding Human-Place Interaction from Tracking and Identification of Many Users [論文連結](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6614256/references#references) ### 從使用者軌跡中擷取以下資訊 1. 每個用戶在空間中的佔用率 2. 用戶之間的親密關係 3. 有興趣的物件和使用者間共同感興趣的物件 ### 多目標跟蹤和辨識 ![](https://i.imgur.com/tlzAnNw.jpg) * 利用攝影機安裝在高於人身高的牆上,人們可以自由與他人互動以及不定時進出空間,並且不指定入口與出口。 * 由於在真實環境下若純使用攝影機容易會有被遮蔽、光照變化、和人體姿勢以及攝影機解析度的問題,因此本文多加了智慧型手機的加速度 Sensor 作為附加的資訊。 #### 多人追蹤 * 使用 HOG 描述子和 SVM Classifier 檢測頭部來找到人,檢測頭部的好處是較不會像身體部位被遮擋。 :::info :bulb: HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradient),是一種在 CV 上和影像處理中用來進行物體檢測的特徵描述子,通過計算和統計圖像局部區域的梯度方向直方圖來構成特徵,過去 HOG+SVM 在行人檢測上有相當大的成功。 ::: * 多人跟蹤分為兩部分 * Tracklet Generation * delayed track-level association * 本文中 Tracklet 被定義為兩個連續被檢測 Frame 之間的關聯 * 利用 Farneback 光流法在一對檢測之間計算,並且基於光流的計數生成軌跡。 * 然後基於外觀模型和運動模型將他們與匈牙利算法關聯起來。 #### 多人辨識 * 通過匹配智慧型手機的加速度 Sensor 收集運動模式和多目標跟蹤結果來執行辨識。 * 根據多人追蹤的結果將每個軌跡轉為二進位向量,該向量表示為人員的移動。 * 近物體移動距離必須多於遠處物體才能被宣稱為有移動的動作。 * 最後通過新測的距離數據關聯技術匹配兩個測量的運動模式。 ### 人與場地的互動 #### 空間佔用率 * 通過將地平面劃分為==網格==,並計算用戶對每個網格的訪問次數。 * 計算所有==軌跡 $T$== 或者對於每個已識別出的==行人軌跡 $\tau$== 的訪問次數。 * 根據佔用率的分佈,我們可以測量隨著時間人們對於空間的平均密度,剛好反映了人們的移動趨勢。 * 令 $N(x, y)$ 為網格 $X=(x,y)$ 的佔有密度,並且令 $d_i=(d_x,d_y)$ 為 $\tau$ 的第 $i$ 個檢測位置。 * 考慮到檢測 noise 可以減少誤差,每次檢測都有使用==高斯 Kernal== 來增加佔用密度。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/GQvvebc.png) * 其中 $\sum$ 是對角矩陣,其對角線是定位誤差的方差。 #### 用戶之間的親密關係 * 將 $D$ 表示為兩個用戶互動可能的最大距離。 * 將 $\theta$ 表示為兩個用戶走在一起時的最大距離。 * 假設 $I(u,v)$ 是用戶 $u$ 和 $v$ 利用軌跡 $\tau (u)$ 和 $\tau (v)$ 識別出的親密量。 * 另外讓 $d^u_t$ 和 $d^v_t$ 分別表示在時間點 $t$ 上的位置,如果在時間點 $t$ 中滿足以下條件則 $I(u,v)$ 加 $1$: 1. $||d^u_t - d^v_t|| < D$ 並且他們一直持續站著。 2. 或是 $||d^u_t - d^v_t|| < D$ 並且他們以 $\angle (d^u_t,d^v_t) < \theta$ 在移動,其中 $\angle (d^u_t,d^v_t)$ 是指由 $d^u_t$、$d^u_{t-1}$ 和 $d^v_t$、$d^v_{t-1}$ 的線之夾角。 ==這意味著在相同方向移動或靜止不動的情況下,兩用戶被假定為相互作用。== #### 感興趣和共同感興趣的物件 * 要事先知道空間中物體的位置 * 通過每個用戶花費的時間和與物件的距離來檢測 * 利用佔用密度可以推論出對不同物件的興趣 * 也可以利用親密度找到一組用戶一起有興趣的物件跟地方 ### 實驗 使用 21,848 Frames,12 個場景,最多 8 個移動人員,本文選擇其中兩種情況進行解釋,第一種情況有 1,924 frame 第二種有 1,800 frame,場景包含步行、跑步、跳躍、挑物、談話、吃飯、玩 iPad、在白板上寫字、閱讀書籍。每種情況下有三個用戶攜帶智慧型手機。 #### 空間佔用 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zTitzAL.jpg) * Z 座標代表使用者在空間中佔用的情形,很明顯可以看出人們通常聚在空間的右半部分。 * Person 1、Person 3 有高峰,表示他們在同一地點花了很多時間,Person 2 高峰相對較低,代表他正在移動中,而且他的運動範圍較偏向左側一點。 * 另外最後一個代表沒帶智慧型手機人們的熱力圖,粗略估計右下方可能是入口或出口,因為人們都在那密集後擴散。 * 顧客心理角度來看,第二個人的滿意度極低,因為他在找一個感興趣的地方之前需要長途跋涉。 * 商店利潤角度來看,目前最受歡迎的商品集中在商店右側。 #### 用戶之間親密關係 ![](https://i.imgur.com/nHpPyY9.png) * 親密條件如三個被識別的人隨時間的親密度,Person 1、Person 3 的親密度關係最高,因為他們長時間站在一起。 * 事實上他們正站在白板前討論問題。 * Person 2 在真實影片中的確也正在走來走去沒辦法跟別人累積親密度。 * 親密關係的結果可以作為社會網路分析的一個更強的線索,因為他不單單只是兩人共同出現就好,還考慮了人的移動方向跟運動軌跡來衡量。 #### 感興趣和共同感興趣的物件 ![](https://i.imgur.com/QzIojdj.png) * 在圖二中可以看到感興趣的物件,而大家通常都對書籍感興趣,Person 1 對 Picture 3 有興趣,Person 2 對電腦感興趣,Person 3 對書籍跟 Picture 3 感興趣。 * 也可通過圖 4 的場景佔用度看出大部分的人喜歡會面的地方在哪。 * 可看出 Picture 3 剛好是 Person 1、Person 3 共同感興趣的物件。

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password
    or
    Sign in via Google Sign in via Facebook Sign in via X(Twitter) Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    By signing in, you agree to our terms of service.

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully