商業思維學院筆記
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    ###### tags: `水球`, `商業思維百科` # 策略 ## 單元1: 什麼是策略?六個對策略的重要認知 「你為什麼會設定這幾個做為你的年度目標?」 「有很多事情想做,但時間、資源有限情況下,第一季你會先做哪個?」 「這些目標之間感覺都是獨立事件,有沒有辦法找出彼此的綜效,讓你先作其中一件事,其它幾個目標都會同時受益?」 「當我們不理解問題時,解決問題的第一步就是去釐清它,否則你的行動都會有偏差。」 - 第一,策略是為了達成目標而制定的 - 一個有效的目標基本上包含了符合*SMART*原則的定義: - 策略 = Key Result + Action Plans - 第二,策略必須考量內外部環境 - 時代正在改變,國際政經趨勢不同、國家政策不同、競爭對手不同,甚至企業領導者也不同了,考量這些因素後制訂出來的策略才算是比較可行的。 - 第三,策略必須決定資源的配置 - 如果企業訂了策略,但沒有考量資源,或者沒有對資源做對應的調整,那就失去了策略意義。 - 第四,策略有層級,也有組合 - 第五,策略具有一定的可參照性 - 第六,策略必須動態調整 ## 單元2: 解決95%策略問題的策略思考框架 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zNhpEf3.png) ### 企業發展階段與企業生命週期 ![](https://i.imgur.com/hxWTAvE.png) ### 產品生命週期階段 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ABRKiN7.png) 隨著企業開始擴建產品或服務,企業的現狀是由多條產品線的表現來決定,而這些產品的生命週期階段各有不同,有些剛起步,有些已經是高速成長,有些則進入成熟狀態,而些產品線表現的總和才等於這家企業的真實表現 * 以軟體設計學院為例: - **導入期**: 在這個階段需要熱絡地經營社群:主動提供技術免費教學吸收使用者回饋,並拉攏新客戶進入社群,以導入漏斗中。導入漏斗後,藉由課程的品質和本人的教學影片提高轉化率來使企業維生,達到PMF。 - **成長期**:社群和學院已經具有一定數量的活躍學員,要開設更多的課程,和不斷維持課程品質以及社群/學院活躍度。不斷拉攏新人流進入漏斗,來使學院不斷成長發展,並具有更多資金開發新功能。 - **成熟期**:社群和學院已經成為台灣第一大程式設計學院,必須在課程品質和社群經營上不斷差異化,來防止新進競爭對手或提早一步拉攏競爭對手成為講師。 - **衰退期**:某天軟體設計已經不為剛需,(軟體工程師的需求量大幅減少)。此時學院的課程需求量也大幅減少。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/NVyUpZY.png) ### 安索夫矩陣(Ansoff Matrix) ![](https://i.imgur.com/POafB2k.png) 安索夫矩陣提供四種不同策略,適用於不同產品生命週期。 - 市場滲透:以既有市場(客戶)為對象,提供現有產品 - 基本上較常見於**初始**與**成長期**階段。 - 市場開發:將現有產品賣給新的市場(客戶) - 常見於在**成長、成熟**或**衰退期**。 - 產品開發:開發新產品,賣給現有市場(客戶) - 當既有產品在**成長**、**成熟**或**衰退期**時都有可能採取此策略。 - 多角化經營:開發新的產品,投入新的市場(客戶) - 無關於現有產品或市場。這是屬於**風險最高但潛力最大**的一種作法,難度幾乎等同於創業,差異點僅在於所擁有的資源不同 > 以軟體設計學院為例的話,會落在「舊的市場,新的產品」=> 產品開發策略 ### 產品差異化 (Product differentiation) 係指生產者利用自己本身的**某些優勢**與消費者**特殊的偏好**,在生產過程與銷售過程中,使自己生產的產品與其他人提供的類似商品之間造成**市場區隔**,使這個產品在目標市場(Target market)中變得**更有吸引力**。**建立品牌是產品差異化的例子之一**。 **產品差異化是造成壟斷性競爭的條件之一**,使得廠商取得部份的定價能力,增進利潤,形成市場優勢。 ### Product/market fit 在製造產品之前,必須要確認這是有市場的,我們稱之為Product-Market Fit(PMF) https://hackmd.io/pNPSNQTmTS2c4xKz52ZCZw ## 單元3: 常用工具:策略規劃常用的工具介紹 [常用工具:策略規劃常用的工具介紹](https://hackmd.io/KIkUMeo_S92y7g8iEeyh8Q)

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