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--- layout: post title: "「索引」互联网公共舆论相关研究" date: 2019-11-18 tags: [索引, 互联网, 言论, 公共舆论, 社交媒体, 传播, 论文, 讨论] author: 达摩俱乐部 hackmd: Xf9-Nrw3T6unmxnqI426BQ comments: true --- ## 关于网络极端言论,仇恨传播,抱团及反仇恨手段 作者: Merlin 时间: 2019-10-22 原文: https://2049bbs.xyz/t/1554 论文标题:Hidden resilience and adaptive dynamics of the global online hate ecology 作者:N. F. Johnson, R. Leahy, N. Johnson Restrepo, N. Velasquez, M. Zheng, P. Manrique, P. Devkota, S. Wuchty 链接:[https://www.linkresearcher.com/theses/eac73aca-8362-4622-9358-d61a75315c0b](https://www.linkresearcher.com/theses/eac73aca-8362-4622-9358-d61a75315c0b) >本研究认为,理解网络仇恨言论恢复的关键在于全球网络动力学,数学模型预测单一平台内进行监管可使情况更糟,并产生全球性在线仇恨言论泛滥的“暗池”。研究观测结果有助于提出击败在线仇恨言论的策略矩阵,定量评估各干预措施效果,从而有潜力用于处理更广泛的在线非法行为。这篇 Nature 文章的标题中的关键词是 Hidden resilience ,即隐藏的弹性。这是一个来自生态学的术语,讲述的是生态系统在遭到外界打击后,由于网络结构,得以快速回到之前的状态的能力。 该文将社交网络中的极端言论当成是生态系统中的物种,首先指出了极端言论在不同平台之间的传播是一站式的——某种极端言论可以一次性地从一个地区传播到另一个地区。极端言论的传播网络是去中心化的,也就是一个小世界网络,没办法找到一个核心节点,从而一劳永逸地解决问题。该研究中,作者关注的是泛指的极端言论,而不是某一个特定的主题,例如 ISIS 、新纳粹等。文中指出,这些言论的共同点是充满了偏激和仇恨,尽管仇恨的对象不同(可以是外来移民、同性恋者等)。 以下为本人归纳正文: 团簇:拥有相近观点,兴趣,或目的的群组 攻击团簇,如删帖禁言会使团簇成员更加团结,快速自我修复,团簇弹性极强很难被消灭。 团簇观点,仇恨可跨平台传染,因为2,3,压制团簇需系统性打击。 - 策略1: 捏软柿子,小团体/个人。 - 策略2: 只封禁少数随机选择的(不冒尖)的团簇成员 - 策略3:促进反仇恨用户自组织成新团簇 - 策略4: 管理员引入虚构用户(水军),策反并煽动团簇成员。 ## 极权政府如何控制社会公共舆论 作者: 逻辑思维 时间: 2019-11-08 原文: https://2049bbs.xyz/t/1639 推荐一篇2017年Kangqi Fan跟Witold Pedrycz合著的论文 ***广播媒体影响下的封闭社会中的公共舆论演化*** Kangqi Fan, Witold Pedrycz, "Evolution of public opinions in closed societies influenced by broadcast media", Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 15 April 2017, [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2017.01.027](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2017.01.027) 刚开始不打算写长篇大论,简要翻译一下摘要。 >对封闭社会中的舆论演变进行研究可以帮助人们设计出摆脱舆论控制跟防止极端主义扩散的策略。在这项工作中,基于社会判断的意见(SJBO)动力学模型,被扩展以探索在由社交网络和广播网络组成的封闭系统中的集体辩论。广播网络是这样一组信道,通过这些信道,所谓的广播媒体或主流媒体将相同的观点传递给社会个体。数值实验表明,当没有反对者时,广播媒体可以吸收大多数个体。包括个体对广播媒体的不同态度,尽管缩小了广播媒体的支持者的规模,但未能使反对派的人数超过支持者。在封闭系统中,广播媒体的主导地位可以通过引入少量坚定的反对者而被推翻。受反对者和广播媒体之间竞争的影响,很少有中间派在集体辩论中幸免。当个体既没有自己的初始意见也没有接触反对者的机会时,支持者的规模就会最大化;而当个体拥有非中立初始观点并且排斥广播媒体时,逆向者的发展就会得到促进。 简评一下这篇文章的两个亮点: >第一是其建立的封闭社会中大众观点的演化模型:包含单一实体(党)控制的单向广播网络(报纸、电台、电视台、官网)发布预设观点prescribed opinion,构成公众的个体agents,以及正反意见领袖,包括 inflexible contrarians坚定的反对者(总是跟政府唱反调的)跟 informed agents(受雇为政府传播prescribed opinion的人)。其中个体通过社交网络来形成自己的观点。而一个观点获得认同的过程就是在社交网络扩散的过程。 > >第二个是其发现和结论:在没有反对者的封闭社会,广播网络可以将大多数个体转变为其支持者。只需要一小撮坚定的反对者就能将广播网络对公众意见的支配权推翻。而且反对者和广播网络之间的竞争能消灭绝大多数中间派。 想想近年来发生的事:消声公知、加高墙、统一所有媒体口径,消灭不和谐媒体,监控和遏制社交网络。有兴趣读读原文吧? ## 社交媒体上的政治讨论 作者: Merlin 时间: 2019-11-18 原文: https://2049bbs.xyz/t/1852 Sujin Choi, Flow, Diversity, Form, and Influence of Political Talk in Social-Media-Based Public Forums, Human Communication Research, Volume 40, Issue 2, 1 April 2014, Pages 209–237, [https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12023](https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12023) 极简摘要: - 论题:政治话题公共讨论的进行方式,多样性,形式,以及何种讨论有更大影响。 - 结论1: 流向集中(话题性强)且仓促。 - 结论2: 一方面讨论整体情绪化而非认知导向,表达出更多的愤怒而非焦虑(关切),另一方面认知性讨论更加富有影响力。 - 结论3:各种认知中,强势的(assertive,大V心态?)比分析性认知更加富有影响力。 *随大流,还是不随大流* ~这是一个问题。 ## 小粉红画像 冯哲盈、冯晓宇 : 社交媒体时代的网络民族主义, 中国战略分析季刊, 2019-03-06 [http://zhanlve.org/?p=6844](https://web.archive.org/web/20190501191958/http://zhanlve.org/?p=6844) ***摘要:*** 本文以引人瞩目的“小粉红”为研究对象,梳理它的起源、特性、行为方式、背后心态等,试图解析这一群体的政治学与社会文化学意义。“小粉红”所代表的,是社交媒体时代的新一代网络民族主义,虽然势力惊人,但显然他们不是独立成势的,其背后国家主义的操纵、中共和小粉红之间的复杂关系均令人警惕。 ***关键词:*** 小粉红 帝吧出征 社群语言 国家偶像 网络民族主义 民族主义生意 ## 信息接触、威权人格、意识形态与网络民族主义——中国网民政治态度形成机制分析 马得勇,陆屹洲,信息接触、威权人格、意识形态与网络民族主义——中国网民政治态度形成机制分析,政治学人, [CDT地址](https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/2019/11/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%BA-%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%A6%E3%80%81%E5%A8%81%E6%9D%83%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC%E3%80%81%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E4%B8%8E%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/) >编者按 > >互联网的发展使得中国民间的民族主义情绪加速发展,但对于1990年代以来中国的民族主义,国内思想界虽有一定的探讨,但基本局限于社会思潮、精英话语层面和整体主义的研究方法。此文从更为微观的层面来观察和理解民族主义,收集2379份有效样本,为民族主义、爱国主义、威权人格、意识形态、信息接触等潜变量选取多个指标作为其显变量。此文认为在中国的政治社会化结构和思想教育体系中,普通民众的爱国主义情感和民族主义情绪之间存在相关;在信息与民族主义态度之间,引入威权人格和意识形态两个中介变量,采用结构方程模型(SEM)分析得出“信息接触→威权人格→意识形态→民族主义”和“信息接触→意识形态→民族主义”两种解释路径,认为威权人格在中国政治文化中扮演着重要作用,且当代中国民众的民族主义倾向具有深厚的心理根源,最后作者呼吁应当对通过培育民众民族主义情绪来实现对爱国主义情感培养的方式保持警惕和反思。整体而言,此文通过对网民的问卷调查数据从微观层面探究了当代中国民众的民族主义及其形成,其理论模型、研究设计和分析方法,均能够为我们认识民族主义与爱国主义拓展思路。政治学人编辑部特推荐此文,以飨读者。 ## 特稿 政治成熟的可能性:以“工业党”和“小粉红”的话语行动为例 吴靖、卢南峰, 政治成熟的可能性:以“工业党”和“小粉红”的话语行动为例 [https://pincong.rocks/article/2226](https://web.archive.org/web/20190810230605/https://pincong.rocks/article/2226) 墙内来源 http://www.cifu.fudan.edu.cn/ac/b2/c12233a175282/page.htm ###### tags: `索引` `互联网` `言论` `公共舆论` `社交媒体` `传播` `论文` `讨论`

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