許黑輪
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

      Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

      Explore these features while you wait
      Complete general settings
      Bookmark and like published notes
      Write a few more notes
      Complete general settings
      Write a few more notes
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights New
    • Engagement control
    • Make a copy
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Note Insights Versions and GitHub Sync Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Make a copy Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note No publishing access yet

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.

    Your account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Your team account was recently created. Publishing will be available soon, allowing you to share notes on your public page and in search results.

    Explore these features while you wait
    Complete general settings
    Bookmark and like published notes
    Write a few more notes
    Complete general settings
    Write a few more notes
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       Owned this note    Owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    # VPN 真的安全嗎? ## 什麼是 VPN ? VPN(Virtual Private Network)中文是虛擬私人網路,通常應用於企業建立遠端連線,可以讓員工在外存取公司內部資源,此服務能保護網路連線和線上隱私。VPN 能為能建立一個建立加密的虛擬通道,隱藏 IP 位址,能保護你線上身分,可安心使用公用 Wi-Fi 熱點。 ## VPN的通訊協定 * OpenVPN 作為最常用的VPN通訊協定之一,OpenVPN在安全性和速度之間實現了良好的平衡。 * IKEv2/IPSec IKEv2 能夠支援身分驗證和加密,傳輸占用的頻寬少、速度快,而且使用的技術可以確保 VPN 連線不中斷,主流的行動裝置皆有支援。 * L2TP/IPSec L2TP 本身只是一種 VPN 通訊協定用來建立通道連結,沒有加密或驗證身分技術。所以會使用 IPSec 加密技術來配合使用。 * PPTP PPTP是最早被廣泛使用最快的 VPN 通訊協定適合串流傳輸等。但是它已經過時基於安全考慮不建議使用。 ## VPN 如何工作? ![](https://i.imgur.com/IrKF10Z.jpg) 如果你正在瀏覽網頁、看Youtube追劇、透過CMoney獲得豐富投資訊息,之後實現財富自由到蝦皮清空購物車,沒有使用 VPN 的話,這些封包途中會經過ISP以及其他網路途徑。 例如:受監管的基地台、國外的網路服務中繼站...等,這時他人包括搜尋引擎、網路供應商、駭客、政府等等,就可以從中擷取你的裝置與某站之間傳輸的資料,或是從某站那端回溯追查到是你的裝置做出看該影片的請求,進而得知你上了哪些網站、看了什麼影片或是輸入了什麼留言、信用卡號碼、你銀行有多少$等資訊。 簡單來說 VPN 服務供應商會使用加密技術將資料「額外加殼」,任何可能從你的電腦或行動裝置網路傳輸的資料,都會改成從 VPN 傳輸,因此資料在抵達你指定的目的地之前都會處於安全的狀態。 上面90%講的是對的,也大多都是 VPN 服務供應商話術。 最重要的沒告訴你,它也不是100%加密,由下圖可得知從VPN Server出去的封包就已經不是經過加密封包了,換句話說從VPN Server端下手就有機會回溯得到相關資訊了。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/kx3gkR9.jpg) ## VPN隱藏的是什麼? VPN能夠隱藏很多資訊,尤其是那些訊息被盜的話,將會威脅你的個人隱私。 以下是幾項最容易受到威脅的個資: 1. 你的IP位址 有心人士可以藉由你的上網IP位置,來查到你的真實位置、住家地址,如果再加上監看你的網路活動,可能還會知道在家的時間資訊等等,進而實施竊盜、拐人等危險行徑,利用VPN改變IP、加密網路活動訊息,就可以避免危險發生。 2. 你串流媒體的位置 你可能會購買類似於觀看職業體育比賽這類的串流媒體服務。而當你在國外旅遊時,你所購買的串流媒體服務可能會不可用。但如果有VPN在,就可以避開此類限制。VPN可以讓你選擇定位於你國家的IP位址。實際上,你將可持續享受你所購買服務的權利。 3. 你的裝置 可以安全的使用公共免費Wifi,許多公共場所咖啡廳、機場、商場提供的公共Wifi,尤其是沒有密碼保護的那種十分危險,因為駭客可以輕易的駭入那些Wifi,進而竊取連結該Wifi的使用者的網路活動資訊、資料,甚至免費Wifi熱點可能就是駭客自己設立的釣魚熱點,你一連上就一堆個資都被查光光 4. 你的上網活動 某些極權、網路管制的國家肯定會監控你的網路,而民主自由的國家政府有沒有在監控人民的網路活動這也許很難說,有可能案中在監控人民,例如[史諾登洩密案](https://today.line.me/tw/v2/article/X7r0BX)...等等。 ## 使用VPN的缺點有什麼? * 速度 因為傳到特定伺服器前,你會先把資料傳送到VPN Server,所以使用VPN的連線速度比正常不使用時的會稍慢一些。另外你的VPN Server僅有一定數量的資源,如果因為使用者太多讓VPN Server過載,則連線速度將快速下降。 * 被限制使用 越來越多網站、服務開始懂得使用「反 VPN」程式,用 VPN 雖然不犯法,以知名串流媒體 Disney+、Netflix 為例,所以他們會用一些反 VPN 程式來擋不讓你跨區追劇看不同影集,不過通常會被擋下來的 VPN 通常都是「免費 VPN」。 ## VPN 真的安全嗎? * 免費VPN可能藏有惡意軟體 國外大型資安公司對數百個免費VPN應用程式進行研究,發現許多免費的VPN都無法為使用者提供所需要的安全性,因免費VPN更會追蹤使用者的個人資料,免費VPN會出售你個資牟利,或透過不斷彈出廣告,讓使用者需要一直點擊而賺錢,侵犯使用者隱私行為。 * 你的上網活動&在某些國家禁止使用VPN 在某些國家使用VPN是非法的,如果你想在網路上搜尋一些敏感議題,或是試圖發起危害當權政府的活動與言論,就有可能就會被當局認定你是潛在危險分子,而受到政府介入的網路攻擊,甚至嚴重的情況,可能被查水錶,甚至直接被消失!。因為這是VPN提供了良好的匿名性,隱私保護和資料加密。 某些極權、網路管制的國家肯定會監控你的網路,而民主自由的國家政府有沒有在監控人民的網路活動這也許很難說,有可能案中在監控人民,例如[史諾登洩密案](https://today.line.me/tw/v2/article/X7r0BX)...等等。 營運一個VPN伺服器的價格是相當高昂的,而免費VPN公司卻「免費」提供服務?這點是大家值得去思考的事情。 不論免費或付費 VPN Server不是十全十美完美解決方案。 使用VPN就像進入一條有著專屬通道,當中服務供應商可能會洩露使用者的資料或IP地址,或受到駭客、第三方、政府更可以追蹤你的瀏覽活動、更可以透過此通道監視你,而部份 VPN 其實會記錄使用者的活動,即便他們聲稱並未記錄任何資料。 此問題的嚴重程度取決於 VPN 供應商本身的所在位置,因為供應商必須遵循不同的當地規定。 例如: * 在歐洲境內,一般會受到資料保護規範 (GDPR) 限制。 * 在中國境內,由中國政府說了算。 建議不要將 VPN 視為保障線上安全的完美選擇。

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password
    or
    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via X(Twitter) Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    By signing in, you agree to our terms of service.

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully