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Diskretne strukture (FiM) - vaje 19.11.2020
Predikatni račun
Naloga 1
Prevedi naslednje stavke v predikatni račun.
Naloga 2
Naj bodo področje pogovora naravna števila. Enomestni predikat \(P\) in dvomestni predikat \(D\) interpretiramo kot:
Določi logične vrednosti formul in zapiši njihove negacije.
Naloga 3
Za spodnje formule poišči enakovredne formule, v katerih negacija nastopa le neposredno pred predikati.
Naloga 4
Pokaži, da sta formuli \(\exists x:(P(x) \Rightarrow Q(x))\) in \(\forall x: P(x) \Rightarrow \exists x: Q(x)\) enakovredni.
Formuli sta enakovredni, če imata enako resničnostno vrednost za vsako domeno in vsako interpretacijo predikatov.
\[ \begin{aligned} \forall x: P(x) \Rightarrow \exists x: Q(x) &\sim \exists x: \lnot P(x) \lor \exists x: Q(x) \\ &\sim \exists x: (\lnot P(x) \lor Q(x)) \\ &\sim \exists x: (P(x) \Rightarrow Q(x)) \end{aligned} \]
Naloga 5
Pokaži, da formuli nista enakovredni.
ali
Naloga 6
Pokaži, da je formula
\[ \forall x \exists y: P(x,y) \Rightarrow (\exists x \forall y: \lnot P(x,y) \Rightarrow \exists x \forall y: P(x,y)) \]
logično veljavna.
Naloga 7
Ali je formula
\[ \exists x \forall y : (P(x,y) \Leftrightarrow P(y,y)) \]
logično veljavna?