enen
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
    • Invite by email
      Invitee

      This note has no invitees

    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Note Insights
    • Engagement control
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Versions and GitHub Sync Note Insights Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Engagement control Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
  • Invite by email
    Invitee

    This note has no invitees

  • Publish Note

    Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

    Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
    Your note is now live.
    This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
    Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
    See published notes
    Unpublish note
    Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
    View profile
    Engagement control
    Commenting
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    • Everyone
    Suggest edit
    Permission
    Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    Enable
    Permission
    • Forbidden
    • Owners
    • Signed-in users
    Emoji Reply
    Enable
    Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
       owned this note    owned this note      
    Published Linked with GitHub
    1
    Subscribed
    • Any changes
      Be notified of any changes
    • Mention me
      Be notified of mention me
    • Unsubscribe
    Subscribe
    # 12-07 臺灣有幾座核電廠?核電佔全臺總發購電量比例?臺灣適合核能發電嗎? --- >[color=#b72d37]除了這兩種 > 作者: 綠色和平 氣候與能源專案小組 隨著藻礁公投案發酵,臺灣社會終於展開積極的能源議題論辯,試圖尋找對環境友善、沒有空污、沒有碳排放、價格合理且發電穩定的能源,社會上有部分群眾認為「核能」是能滿足上述所有條件、最理想的發電方式,然而,事實真是如此嗎?讓我們從安全、時間與成本三大面向展開理性與客觀的討論。 --- 臺灣有幾座核電廠? 核能發電佔全臺發購電量多少? 臺灣面積僅 3 萬 6 千平方公里,小小的土地上卻有 4 座核電廠,其中核一、核二與核四皆分布於北海岸,與人口眾多的臺北市直線距離僅不到 30 公里。 --- 究竟臺灣適不適合核能發電?在回應此問題前,除了瞭解核能發電本身的優點與缺點,我們應先瞭解臺灣目前的能源結構,才有助於判斷廢除核電可能造成多少電力缺口?而為彌補此缺口,我們又將面臨怎樣的困難與挑戰、應選擇何種能源來取代核電。 根據臺灣綜合研究院 2019 年的能源政策民調結果,全臺有將近六成民眾「誤認」臺灣主要的發電方式為核能。 事實上,根據台電公司所公布的歷年發購電量各能源別占比,自 105 年起,核能占比都低於 15% 以下,106 年甚至僅占全臺總發購電量的 9.3%;換言之,若政府能要求企業節電或轉用綠電來抑制每年用電成長,於此同時積極發展再生能源,以目前臺灣的能源政策規劃——2025 年前將再生能源發電占比提升至總體發電量的 20%,臺灣適不適合核電便僅是一個假議題,因核電在臺灣總發購電量的佔比僅約 10% 上下,隨著再生能源佔比逐年提升,臺灣根本不需要核電。 臺灣不適合核能發電的三大原因 姑且不論按臺灣目前能源配比與未來政策規劃,核電已毫無存在之必要,若以安全、時間與經濟效益等面向理性分析,核電既不符合我們最重視的環境永續理念,後端處理費用又高昂,對於臺灣減少空污、碳排放更是緩不濟急。 位處地震帶,核災風險高臺灣位於歐亞板塊和菲律賓海板塊交界,板塊運動本就頻繁,但臺灣的四座核電廠卻都興建於斷層附近,有極高可能面臨地震、海嘯與洪水的三重威脅;且臺灣地狹人稠,核一、核二廠分別位於新北市石門與萬里,距臺北市直線距離均小於 30 公里,若臺灣發生相當於日本福島事件的核災、疏散範圍需達 20 至 50 公里,意味著臺北市 260 多萬人,加上新北市 380 多萬人皆需於短時間內疏散,屆時的恐慌與忙亂程度令人難以想像,災後復原之路更會是一場醒不來的惡夢。 臺灣核電廠位置與周邊斷層分佈情形 延役與續建核四不可能,新建核電廠曠日廢時目前國際間對於核電廠運轉執照期限的規定不一,臺灣現有核能機組皆採用美國的設計,故核電廠運轉執照期限便參考美國的作法,美國對於運轉執照期限訂有最長 40 年之運轉期限,無論非核家園政策是否延續,核一、二、三廠皆因過於老舊必須在民國 114 年、西元 2025 年以前陸續除役。 臺灣核電廠商轉與除役時間表 若老舊核電廠除役勢在必行,是否有可能續建核四或新建核電廠?很遺憾,從費用與時間評估,兩者皆是無稽之談。 核四已經建設超過二十年,許多系統零件老舊不堪使用,原製造商也無生產對應零件,如要續建需要再進行系統全面的修復跟維護,經濟部保守的故計也要投入高達數百億資金,整個過程將十分耗時也帶給財政極大負擔;而就發電設施建置所需的時間成本來說,核電廠從選址到建成,不考慮居民陳抗與協商時間,最快也需 8 - 10 年,而這 8 - 10 年間同樣會面臨用電問題,與其將大量資源與金錢投入一座最快 8 年後才能發電的核電廠,不如集中資源、善用時間加速提升再生能源佔比,不僅能更快彌補短期用電缺口、減少碳排放與空氣污染,下一代也無須再為艱難的核廢料處理問題苦惱。 核廢料處理成本天價,不符環境永續價值核能發電穩定、發電過程不產生碳排放的優點,讓人類誤以為找到了理想的發電方式,卻不曾料想數十年的用電,需要付出世世代代的時間與金錢來處理善後。根據國際原子能總署 2018 年的估算,全球中階核廢料僅 19% 已被處理,而高階核廢料的處置比例毫無疑問地是 0%——自 1951 年12 月 20 日人類首次用核反應爐產生出電能,至今 70 年過去,仍沒有任何一個國家可以解決「如何安全處置核廢料」的問題。 直至全球第一個核廢料最終貯存場誕生以前,光是管理核廢料的成本可能就已讓各國焦頭爛額——在法國,根據審計院(Court of Auditors)的估算,光是 2013 年長期核廢料管理的毛成本就高達 320 億歐元,且還不包含用過的核燃料棒的管理成本;日本產業經濟省(Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry)在 2011年時估計核廢料處置的成本也高達 290 億歐元,而這還是基於不切實際的時程表所做的寬鬆估算。

    Import from clipboard

    Paste your markdown or webpage here...

    Advanced permission required

    Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

    This team is disabled

    Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

    This note is locked

    Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

    Reach the limit

    Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
    Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

    Import from Gist

    Import from Snippet

    or

    Export to Snippet

    Are you sure?

    Do you really want to delete this note?
    All users will lose their connection.

    Create a note from template

    Create a note from template

    Oops...
    This template has been removed or transferred.
    Upgrade
    All
    • All
    • Team
    No template.

    Create a template

    Upgrade

    Delete template

    Do you really want to delete this template?
    Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

    This page need refresh

    You have an incompatible client version.
    Refresh to update.
    New version available!
    See releases notes here
    Refresh to enjoy new features.
    Your user state has changed.
    Refresh to load new user state.

    Sign in

    Forgot password

    or

    By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

    Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
    Wallet ( )
    Connect another wallet

    New to HackMD? Sign up

    Help

    • English
    • 中文
    • Français
    • Deutsch
    • 日本語
    • Español
    • Català
    • Ελληνικά
    • Português
    • italiano
    • Türkçe
    • Русский
    • Nederlands
    • hrvatski jezik
    • język polski
    • Українська
    • हिन्दी
    • svenska
    • Esperanto
    • dansk

    Documents

    Help & Tutorial

    How to use Book mode

    Slide Example

    API Docs

    Edit in VSCode

    Install browser extension

    Contacts

    Feedback

    Discord

    Send us email

    Resources

    Releases

    Pricing

    Blog

    Policy

    Terms

    Privacy

    Cheatsheet

    Syntax Example Reference
    # Header Header 基本排版
    - Unordered List
    • Unordered List
    1. Ordered List
    1. Ordered List
    - [ ] Todo List
    • Todo List
    > Blockquote
    Blockquote
    **Bold font** Bold font
    *Italics font* Italics font
    ~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
    19^th^ 19th
    H~2~O H2O
    ++Inserted text++ Inserted text
    ==Marked text== Marked text
    [link text](https:// "title") Link
    ![image alt](https:// "title") Image
    `Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
    ```javascript
    var i = 0;
    ```
    var i = 0;
    :smile: :smile: Emoji list
    {%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
    $L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
    :::info
    This is a alert area.
    :::

    This is a alert area.

    Versions and GitHub Sync
    Get Full History Access

    • Edit version name
    • Delete

    revision author avatar     named on  

    More Less

    Note content is identical to the latest version.
    Compare
      Choose a version
      No search result
      Version not found
    Sign in to link this note to GitHub
    Learn more
    This note is not linked with GitHub
     

    Feedback

    Submission failed, please try again

    Thanks for your support.

    On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

    Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

     

    Thanks for your feedback

    Remove version name

    Do you want to remove this version name and description?

    Transfer ownership

    Transfer to
      Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

        Link with GitHub

        Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
        • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
        • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
        Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

        Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

          Authorize again
         

        Choose which file to push to

        Select repo
        Refresh Authorize more repos
        Select branch
        Select file
        Select branch
        Choose version(s) to push
        • Save a new version and push
        • Choose from existing versions
        Include title and tags
        Available push count

        Pull from GitHub

         
        File from GitHub
        File from HackMD

        GitHub Link Settings

        File linked

        Linked by
        File path
        Last synced branch
        Available push count

        Danger Zone

        Unlink
        You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

        Syncing

        Push failed

        Push successfully