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    --- hackmd: url: https://hackmd.io/W0fcMmnxQ2qfbzV3S6E4Xw title: Untitled lastSync: 2025-05-24T06:07:20.727Z url: https://hackmd.io/W0fcMmnxQ2qfbzV3S6E4Xw title: 伺服器名詞解釋 Server Terms lastSync: 2025-05-24T06:09:58.420Z --- - 伺服器硬體架構與裝置模組 - 處理器與橋接元件 - CPU - SPR (Sapphire Rapids) :→Intel 第四代 Xeon Scalable 處理器的代號 (Sapphire Rapids) - FPB (Flexible Port Bridge)→Intel 平台中,一種可程式化的橋接裝置,可將 PCIe lane 重配置給不同 devic,常見於 Multi-Root topology - PCH (Platform Controller Hub)→Intel 架構下的南橋晶片,整合 SATA、USB、LPC、RTC 等功能 - 模組化主機板與插卡 - Riser(擴充卡槽): 一種用來擴展主機板 I/O 或 PCIe 插槽的電路板,通常在伺服器中使用,可使擴充卡以不同方向安裝以節省空間。 - UBB(Universal Base Board)→由 OCP(Open Compute Project) 提出的 模組化伺服器主板標準,是一塊插在主板上的子板(Daughter Board) 用來安裝 CPU、DIMM、CXL、PCIe、Retimer 等模組 - CEM (Card Electromechanical)→PCIe 插槽的物理/電氣標準,DTS 中 cem-riser-* 就是指符合 CEM 規格的 riser 模組 - 高效能連接 - MCIO (Multi-Chip Interconnect I/O)→高速連接介面,主要用於 CPU 與 PCIe 擴充晶片(retimer、switch、NIC)之間。 Intel/PCIe Gen5 新介面,取代部分傳統 PCIe x16 slot,常見於 CXL 或 UBB。 - CXL (Compute Express Link)→CXL 是一種高效能、高延遲容忍的 CPU 連接介面,建立在 PCIe Gen5 上的協議之上。 - 周邊與感測 - FAN→伺服器通常有多組風扇,由 BMC 控制。 - AMB: (Ambient sensor(環境溫度))→TMP75 sensor 掛在主板 / backplane,用於 DTS 中 thermal-zones.amb0 定義整體冷卻策略 - HWP(Hardware Presence)→GPIO pin,用於偵測 riser/card 是否插入 - Interposer 中介板 / 信號橋接器→物理層面是一塊介於主板與 riser/slot 之間的 PCB,用於調整 pinout、加裝 debug sensor、路由其他信號。 - 網路與儲存擴充 - cx7 (Mellanox ConnectX-7):→網路介面卡,通常掛在 PCIe slot - SW(Switch)→PCIe/CXL switch,如 Broadcom PCIe switch; - 除錯/維修介面 - FMC - (Field Maintenance Connector)→debug 接口 - (Fan Management Controller)→ADT7462/Max31790 之類 - 匯流排與通訊協定 - 通用通訊匯流排 - I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)一種雙線通訊介面(SCL + SDA),常用於連接低速周邊裝置,如 EEPROM、溫度感測器。 - SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)一種同步序列式通訊協定,通常用於短距離、低針腳的高速資料傳輸,例如 SPI Flash、感測器等。 - GPIO(General-Purpose Input/Output)通用輸入輸出腳位,可由軟體設定為輸入或輸出,常用於控制 LED、讀取按鈕狀態等。 - 管理專用匯流排 - SMBus(System Management Bus)I2C 的一種變體,主要用於系統管理應用,如電池管理、溫度監控等,支援錯誤檢查與主從設備探測。 - PMBus(Power Management Bus)基於 SMBus 的通訊協定,專門用來管理電源供應器(如電壓、電流、功率等參數的讀取與設定)。 - IPMB(Intelligent Platform Management Bus)IPMI 的子通訊協定,基於 I2C 實作,允許 BMC 與其他管理控制器(如MC)通訊。 - 多工與擴充 - MUX (Multiplexer(I2C mux))→常見於 DTS,像 pca9548 或 pca9641,定義為 i2c-mux@70,用來(擴充子匯流排 - 韌體與系統控制 - 啟動與控制 - BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)→主平台的 boot firmware,BMC 不直接控制,但會透過 LPC/SPIFLASH 做更新或讀版本 - STRAPS(或稱為 strap pins)(啟動設定腳位) 開機時由硬體拉高/拉低的腳位,用來配置晶片的啟動行為(如 SPI boot、UART enable 等)。 - 電源控制與分配 - pdb(Power Distribution Board)電力分配板,負責將伺服器主電源轉換、分配給不同子系統,如主機板、風扇、硬碟等模組。 - 安全性與信任鏈 - RoT 與安全元件 - TPM (Trusted Platform Module)→提供安全開機、key 保護 通常掛 I2C/SPI,BMC 可能透過 LPC/SPI 匯流排控制 - ROT (Root of Trust) 安全架構的信任根,通常是硬體或軟體中第一個被信任的元件,如 TPM、Cerberus 或 secure boot ROM。 - Cerberus Microsoft 發起的開源硬體安全框架,提供 Root of Trust (RoT) 功能,用於防止 BIOS 或 BMC 被惡意更改。 - 安全通訊協定 - SPDM(Security Protocol and Data Model)DMTF 標準,用於建立設備之間的身份驗證、加密通訊等安全協議,常與 MCTP 結合使用。 - 伺服器管理與監控協定 - IPMI 架構 - IPMI(Intelligent Platform Management Interface)一套開放標準,用於伺服器的遠端硬體管理與監控,主要由 BMC 實作(透過 KCS、LAN、IPMB 傳輸)。 - SDR(Sensor Data Record)IPMI 中用來描述每個感測器(如溫度、風扇)的資料結構,包含其類型、單位、臨界值等。 - FRU(Field Replaceable Unit)可現場更換的硬體模組(如電源、風扇、硬碟等),通常包含自我描述資訊(序號、型號、製造商)。 - SEL(System Event Log)是 IPMI 用來記錄伺服器硬體事件的日誌,這些事件通常涉及到錯誤、故障或系統狀態的變化。SEL 提供詳細的硬體狀態訊息,幫助管理員進行故障排除和診斷。 - 現代傳輸協定 - MCTP(Management Component Transport Protocol)一種封裝協議,用於在 BMC 與各元件之間傳輸管理資訊(支援 SPI/I2C/PCIe 等底層通訊)。 - 裝置樹(Device Tree)相關設定 - thermal zones 與冷卻策略 - trips (溫度警戒點設定)→DTS thermal zone 的子節點,定義各溫度閾值(millicelsius)與 cooling map 對應 - thermal-zones.amb0 環境溫度感測策略(常搭配 TMP75)。 - riser 與 cem 定義 - cem-riser-0 / cem-riser-1:裝置樹中定義的擴充槽,遵循 CEM 規格。 - - Mux(Multiplexer) 多工器,根據控制信號選擇一個輸入通道連接至輸出,常見於 I2C Mux(切換不同的 I2C 通道)。 - - - 這是AI生的: 不確定是否正確 - ![[Pasted image 20250528165609.png]] - - sled = L10 = tray -

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