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    # GeoGebra 教學 5:函數繪圖(指令界面及條件判斷) > 作者:王一哲 > 日期:2018/1/29 本次課程檔案已上傳至 GeoGebraTube,可以線上操作或下載檔案,網址為 https://ggbm.at/JvSWypBR <br /> ## 函數繪圖(不限制函數區間) 開啟 GeoGebra 之後在最下方的欄位中輸入函數的式子即可,例如 ```latex f(x) = sin(x) ``` 按下 Enter 後就會出現以下的圖形。輸入指令時如果沒有加上 **f(x) =** ,GeoGebra 會自動給予名稱。 <br /> <img height="80%" width="80%" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/DlOmBIUJxTodQuWvEvcBwiVdrurJ9bUDHVfyfjI4lk-120a24Rmv0Wb-YmX0SxdBEy7A2vf8HEjPAFnpmz4H2ov-INoDxGLZR_PCCXai9aiC6bqduk95UcaMvO7X4wVerssQU6dx" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/> <div style="text-align:center">f(x) = sin (x)</div> <br /> 我們再輸入一個函數 ```latex p(x) = x**2/(4*𝜋) ``` 上式中的𝜋可以利用右下角的虛擬鍵盤輸入,另外也可以按**Alt + p**輸入。 <img height="40%" width="40%" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/PXoGg_BG-SWwpjgPtXw9WYJsfqnC47MNnGP-aXzkk9RGygLTprS-kTpIZj6YnBMefmhkcxWjIjyp62BK1wWj0paKhpea9wMN72_ZNO08wZc1vwQ2FMJP8rTuGRTVBxsEb6kjsNBJ" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/> <div style="text-align:center">輸入符號用的虛擬鍵盤</div> <br /> <img height="80%" width="80%" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/I5GcwQik6kq7vsK-EUZ49X31bYxVp97eUrN2DM60bQSNvBDAheH9y5uKOXJ7nkVbOuHiebn6ubUvwMAf_3OHmywmB6fz6KriYh_pFktZEjkPvQFydno28n92S2Rjcz6vbb5hf2CP" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/> $$p(x) = \frac{x^2}{4 \pi}$$ <br /> 接著可以拿已經輸入的函數來運算,例如輸入 ```latex q(x) = f(x) + p(x) ``` 可得得到 f(x) 和 p(x) 相加的結果。 <img height="80%" width="80%" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/lBPIVg_bIE_jTF-hbHBpUwXTuTVCLx5uyaCzvtXYD3yYDezGE973kjMUrUZ-BTIpiP160iZmBazKUndBTo47QB4hpO7Ep-CEqn4lnvjSaGUk9d2EB8sJjHsCG2PUYKr2a8owg1Kw" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/> $$q(x) = f(x) + p(x) = \sin(x) + \frac{x^2}{4 \pi}$$ <br /> ## 函數繪圖(限制函數區間) ### 方法1:使用 Function 指令 開啟 GeoGebra 之後在最下方的欄位中輸入 ```latex Function(sin(x), -2*π ,2*π ) ``` 可以在 $-2 \pi \leq x \leq 2 \pi$ 之間畫出 $\sin(x)$ 的函數圖形。 <img height="60%" width="60%" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/iD_piEsH3mul9oniVTd88J3FTY7UoQ-qUt8IPKdtHv3BgbNwlrKzXCGXkFSikoQyVFlC8Thd47aPql9-YibCcz6fDsuAmZBg1Z5BDkecDSzNo4l6NWzxScfoyzozLId6HJZX0WvY" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/> <div style="text-align:center"></div> <br /> ### 方法2:使用 If 指令 在最下方的欄位中輸入 ```latex If(-2* π <= x <= 2* π , sin(x)) ``` 一樣可以在 $-2 \pi \leq x \leq 2 \pi$ 之間畫出的 $\sin(x)$ 函數圖形。我個人比較習慣使用 If ,它的完整格式為 ```latex If(條件, 條件成立時的動作, 條件不成立時的動作) ``` 因此我們可以在不同範圍內畫出不同的函數圖形,例如 ```latex If(-2* π <= x <= 2* π , sin(x), tan(x)) ``` 就是在 $-2 \pi \leq x \leq 2 \pi$ 之間畫出 $\sin(x)$ 的函數圖形,在其它範圍則是畫出 $\tan(x)$ 的函數圖形。 <img height="80%" width="80%" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/KgbkLzzHOyk3RuEYEGo6i2AjWg5gogV640sJGGy4C3sVyCECQ6rcvV2PlhCEDIjYEOnezoXQ0y5WAOUy-lmiDaI5HloSwAVZkxMVSyEMbzSijIOR9Z8dGywSBs3Se__u6xfQZdk9" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/> <div style="text-align:center">If(-2* π <= x <= 2* π , sin(x) tan(x))</div> <br /> 還可以利用兩條直線畫出三角形的脈衝波 ```latex If(0 < x < 2*r, x, If(2*r < x < 3*r, -2*(x - r) + 4*r)) ``` 上式中的 r 是為了方便起見事先定義的數值,目前是定義成 r = 2。這條式子的意思是在 $0 < x < 2r$ 之間畫出 $y = x$ 的圖形,在 $2r < x < 3r$ 之間畫出 $y = -2(x-r) + 4r$ 的圖形,在其它範圍不畫圖形。 <img height="50%" width="50%" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/LMvMzYSWATZ117TIMf2clWwBhAwVEfaeYYAGo7RlNjg9JOV7bR_9RDGZtCgQU666dEkhAZu1i5BhK6M4Wp_-B8w2SkjoyThTbl3OcyK9hpcqbIZg4vRw3bGPHljx-MZNGpxGWWXj" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/> <div style="text-align:center">三角形脈衝波</div> <br /> 如果想要分成3段畫圖,可以再多加一層If,例如 ```latex If(3*r < x < 5*r, sqrt(r**2 - (x - 4*r)**2), If(2*r < x < 3*r, 0, If(0 < x < 2*r, -sqrt(r**2 - (x - r)**2)))) ``` 上式中的 r 是為了方便起見事先定義的數值,目前是定義成 r = 2;\*\* 代表次方,例如 x\*\*2 = $x^2$;sqrt 代表根號,例如sqrt(2) = $\sqrt 2$。這條式子的意思是在 $3r < x < 5r$ 之間畫出 $y = \sqrt{r^2 - (x-4r)^2}$ 的圖形,在 $2r < x < 3r$ 之間畫出 $y = 0$ 的圖形,在 $0 < x < 2r$ 之間畫出 $y = -\sqrt{r^2 - (x-r)^2}$ 的圖形,在其它範圍不畫圖形。 <img height="60%" width="60%" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/NjtBfleRNDW2T4I_X0xBquoVbGJpJpeXup9Q7GLSr3lbVDFak-zEoccZ7HCsaqET6Ypznb-1eTC82kiIHrqyt8TF7YEZ3D1vb9P4jJ86-ERU9Qae25V8y3YzDYRMKf3L2JVTkG8h" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"/> <div style="text-align:center">分成3段的半圓形脈衝波</div> <br /> ### 參考資料 1. 羅驥韡(2013)。**GeoGebra幾何與代數的美麗邂逅**。臺北市:五南。 2. GeoGebra官網。2018年1月29日,取自 https://www.geogebra.org/?lang=zh_TW <br /> --- ###### tags:`GeoGebra`

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