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    --- GA: UA-34467841-15 --- 通訊海纜基本及未來發展 - Licson === <blockquote> 世界上 99% 的通訊都是透過通訊海纜完成,但很多人對他們每天依賴溝通的工具卻缺少基本的認識,甚至對通訊海纜的運作存有一些小誤會。於此演講中,我會詳細闡述通訊海纜的基本運作,解開通訊海纜如何運作的神祕面紗,亦讓大家能對每天依賴鏈接互聯網的工具有正確的認識。除此以外,我亦會跟大家分享一些和通訊海纜有關的新發展,展示它們未來的發展方向和我們的緊密關係,以及通訊海纜作爲支持互聯網的基石是不斷的有在進步。 ## 先備知識 對電腦網路有基本認識 </blockquote> ###### tags: `SITCON 2020 共筆` `SITCON 2020` `2020` `共筆` `R1` {%hackmd dTfmj-h3QvSA0myqavKbxg %} > 請從這裡開始 ### 到底什麼是通信電纜 - ### 通信光纜歷史 - 1851 年,第一條通信電纜誕生 - 短波無線電曾經是通信海纜的競爭對手 - 1940 大量鋪設通信電纜 - 1950 年代開始改用跨海同軸電纜 - 1960-1970...光通訊技術開始成熟 ### 光纜結構 ### 光纜種類 ### 海底光纜運作 ### 海底光纜公司 - TE - Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks - NEC - Huawei Marine ### 通訓光纜拓樸 - 點對點 - 環對環 - 魚骨狀 ### 海纜上岸站 - 設備 1. 海纜終端 2. 長距供電設備 3. 海纜終端 ### DWDM(密集波分複用) - 透過在海纜的光纖對上使用不同波長的光波,從而達成多重設備使用相同光纖通信 - 現今技術可以在同一對光線上劃分超過 96 個... - 以 MAREA 為例子,透過 DWDM 跟多對光纜 - 歐美的海纜,實現超過160Tbps的通訊能力 ### 光放大器 - 長距離時光訊號會衰減(變暗)令接收端難以分辨,所以要固定距離間使用放大設備進行放大 ### 光電轉換放大器 - 最簡單的光放大器,透過轉換為電訊號重新產生新的光訊號。 - 應用在最早期光纜上,缺點是,光電轉換成為海纜的速度瓶頸。 ### 摻鉺光放大器 - 運用鉺離子的特性,透過在參雜鉺離子的光纖中同時發射光信號與提供能量的雷射,鉺離子被高能量雷射激發並轉移釋放的能量去光信號的頻段上。 ### ROADM(可重構式光塞取多工器) - 可重構式光塞取多工器 (ROADM) 輔助 DWDM,能在光纖上擷取和發送特定波長的光信號 - 光纜分支點中使用的主要技術 - 優點為可遠端重新配置擷取的波長以及其數量 - 不會隨著光信號速率改變而需要更新設備 - 經過篩選後光信號會減弱,需配合色散補償與光放大器 ## 通信光纜現況 ### 目前台灣所有的電纜 - APCN2 - APG - C2C - CUCN - EAC - FASTER (Google) - NCP - RNAL/FNAL - SMW3 - TPE - TSE-1 ### 未來會新增 - PLCN - HKA - SJC2 ## 通訊光纜系統趨勢 - 全世界超過 400 條,承載世界上 99% 的通訊需求 - 互聯網使用率上升,必須迎接新挑戰 #### 私人通訊光纜 - 成本高昂,通常由多家公司投資合同建造分擔成本 - 最近落成的越來越多是單一公司擁有,此舉或提升海纜發展速度 #### 拓墣的改變 - 環狀網路 -> 魚骨網路(ROADM技術逐漸成熟) - 降低系統延遲 - 提供與環狀網路相關的備援能力 #### 擁有權從電信業者轉移為內容提供者 如:Google、Facebook 等 #### DWDM頻寬提升(繞過香農限制) 利用 DWDM,在同一光纖中塞入不同頻段訊號 ![](https://i.imgur.com/gykFU2N.png) #### 開放通訊系統 - 開放系統打破統一採購單一供應商的設備限制,提供更彈性的配置 ## Q&A 1. 圖表中意思是最大頻寬是 bandwidth = 200 Gbps? 只統計到 200 Gbps,最近有做到 400 Gbps 2. 鯊魚咬電纜 其實海纜都有做防鯊保護,確實大部分都是漁民割的 shunt fault 3. 最大的困難 處理各國之間的policy

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