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--- type: slide --- # 彗星與流星 ### 中崙天文社課講義 #### 20518吳柏志 --- # 課程注意事項 - 今天會用到[**Slido**](https://app.sli.do/event/5E4Sxy3yKTiLZVHmwSeAuC) - 可用手機紀錄,不能**玩Game** - 最後有剩時間會有**小組競賽** - 器材說要徵友(男人誤入) (DC: Johnny Zhan#0468) --- # 彗星 - 結構 - 起源地 - 分類 - 命名 - 知名彗星 ---- # 結構 - 彗核 - 彗髮 - 離子尾 - 塵埃尾 ---- ## 彗核 - 成分: 塵埃、礦物、冰塊、固態的 (NH<sub>3</sub>、CH<sub>4</sub>、 CO<sub>2</sub>)... - 大小: 直徑數100公尺 ~ 數10公里 - 狀態: - 冰凍固態(遠離太陽) - 開始解凍(接近太陽) <img src=https://i.imgur.com/aKZW6vU.jpg width=50% /> ---- ## 彗髮 - 定義: 彗核因**解凍**而產生圍繞在附近的一層**大氣** - 成分: 彗核所脫落的成分 <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/tPKTW7n.png width=50% /></center> ---- ## 彗尾 - 離子尾 - 產生原因: **升溫**時所釋出的**帶電粒子** - 特色: 與太陽反方向 - 塵埃尾 - 產生原因: 釋出**塵埃**將足跡留在彗星軌道上 - 特色: 與彗星軌跡一致 <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/f1YJ7Ov.png width=60% /></center> ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/6bmUd2i.png) ---- **Any Questions?** ![](https://i.imgur.com/csoQJn8.gif) ---- # 起源地 - 歐特雲 - 柯伊柏 ---- <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/Tfm9ORV.jpg width=60% /></center> ---- ## 柯伊伯帶 - 與太陽距離: 三十AU~數百AU - 冰凍的小天體 - 分布在黃道面附近的扁平環狀區域 - 短週期彗星 [黃道面](https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93%E9%9D%A2) [AU](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D) ---- <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/pfrUNiz.png width=60% /></center> ---- ## 歐特雲 - 與太陽距離: 五千AU~數萬AU - 數十億顆冰凍天體 - 分布在球層狀區域 - 長週期彗星 ---- <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/12ZTUvf.jpg width=80% /></center> ---- **Any Questions?** ![](https://i.imgur.com/csoQJn8.gif) ---- # 分類 1. 依週期 - 長週期彗星 - 短週期彗星 2. 依軌道 - 橢圓形軌道 - 拋物線軌道 - 雙曲線軌道 ---- ## 依週期 | 名稱 | 公轉週期 | 起源地 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 長週期彗星 | 200年以上 | 歐特雲 | | 短週期彗星 | 小於200年 <br>(大多在20年內)</br> | 柯伊柏 | ---- ## 橢圓形軌道 <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/4UVT7Bw.jpg width=80% /></center> ---- ## 拋物線軌道 <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/t2mgR2M.jpg width=60% /></center> ---- ## 雙曲線軌道 <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/5lMIcOu.jpg width=40% /></center> > 高二物理、數學會教,放心(~~會被當掉~~) [**有趣的**](https://forum.gamer.com.tw/G2.php?bsn=23205&sn=40) [**好東西**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmhgsLhLTM4) ---- <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/OgKkZ6M.png width=70% /></center> ---- **Any Questions?** ![](https://i.imgur.com/csoQJn8.gif) ---- ## 命名 - **C/P** = 長/短 (週期) - **年代** = 西元年分 - **月份** = A~Z(各月的上下半月) - **第X顆** = X(1~n) ![](https://i.imgur.com/NgBhUdW.png) ---- ### 範例 **NEOWISE彗星** > # C/2020 F3 <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/xNSDHNp.jpg width=30% /></center> ---- **Any Questions?** ![](https://i.imgur.com/csoQJn8.gif) ---- # 知名彗星 - 哈雷彗星 - 鹿林彗星 ---- ## 哈雷彗星 <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/vIjqjL2.jpg width=60% /></center> 軌道週期: 75年(2061 年 7 月 28 日) ---- ## 鹿林彗星 <center><img src=https://i.imgur.com/APDxVJD.jpg width=50% /></center> 軌道週期: 長週期彗星(2007 年 7 月 11 日) --- # 流星雨 - 基本常識 - 流星雨指南 ---- ## 基本常識 - **成因:** 灰塵顆粒散佈在彗星軌道上,受重力影響,墜入大氣層形成流星 - **成分:** 彗星殘渣 - **輻射點:** 流星雨在天空中的發源處 - **命名方式:** 以輻射點所在的星座做命名 - **ZHR值:** 天頂每時出現率(高峰期一小時多少顆) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/Psf2Iez.jpg) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/SNO0Bo9.jpg) ---- ## 流星雨指南 名稱 | 活耀日期 | ZHR值 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 象限儀座流星雨 | 01/03 | 120 | | 寶瓶座流星雨 | 05/06 | 50 | | 英仙座流星雨 | 08/13 | 100 | | 雙子座流星雨 | 12/14 | 150 | ---- **流星雨之日期與成因(補充)** | 名稱 | 活耀日期 | 來源 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 象限儀座流星雨 | 01/03 | C/1490 Y1 | | 天琴座流星雨 | 04/21 | 佘契爾彗星 | | 英仙座流星雨 | 08/12 | 斯威夫特彗星 | | 天龍座流星雨 | 10/10 | 賈可比尼彗星 | | 獅子座流星雨 | 11/16 | 坦普爾彗星 | | 雙子座流星雨 | 12/12 | 法厄同小行星 | ---- **Any Questions?** ![](https://i.imgur.com/csoQJn8.gif) ---- 我好累~ ![](https://i.imgur.com/JFlZNhO.jpg) --- # 團隊競賽 ---- [Q1.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJ3x0JOkFhk) 依序排出與太陽的距離(由近到遠) 1. 天王 2. 柯伊伯帶 3. 金星 4. 木星 5. 歐特雲 6. 水星 7. 海王 8. 火星 9. 土星 > # 寫數字 ---- A. 6-3-8-4-9-1-7-2-5 ![](https://i.imgur.com/1CXa6r0.png) ---- [Q2.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQI5XHqkUzQ) 請解釋這顆彗星名稱的意義 # C/1996 B2 ![](https://i.imgur.com/NgBhUdW.png) ---- A. 在1996年1月下半所發現的第二顆長週期彗星 ---- [Q3.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0xRbWqIohQ) 哈梓喵是位電吉他手,有一天她從櫻丘女子高中放學要去買醬油。剛好當月是冬天(國曆),天空中突然有一顆流星閃過,哈梓喵看到如此美麗的景象,因而想多看幾眼,所以她在公園裡看了整整一小時,總共看到了120顆。她透過手機打開Star Walk,對應到流星發射出的位置是牧夫座。她覺得很有趣,因此隔天就去請教天文部關於流星的知識。 Q3-1: ZHR值是多少? Q3-2: 此次流星雨可能是是什麼? Q3-3: 哈梓喵是哪一部作品的角色? ---- A3-1: 120 A3-2: 象限儀 A3-3: K-ON! ---- [Q4.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zK3YHKYM6PQ)我有一位同學名字叫「起重」,有一天他在放學後走在路上看到一顆彗星從眼前經過。起重對彗星十分有興趣,因此他開始研究這顆彗星的性質。為了知道這顆彗星的週期,因此他製作了長生不老藥。事與願違的是,等到仙女座星系與銀河系碰撞後,他依然沒看到這顆彗星,因此他推斷了一些資訊,請依據此串文字回答下列問題。 Q4-1: 此彗星的運轉軌道可能是哪兩種? Q4-2: 此彗星可能是從哪個地方過來的? ---- A4-1: 雙曲線、拋物線 A4-2: 歐特雲 ---- 謝謝~ ![](https://i.imgur.com/L4em84n.png)

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