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    --- title: Force Fields tags: hpcai --- # Force Fields [TOC] ## What is a force field? * force field:力場 * 用來描述粒子間的作用力 * 力場是由位能函數與某些相關參數所組成 * 不同的力場使用不同的位能函數,雖然這些位能函數的術語往往相同 * 通常我們會優化參數,以達到重現實驗測量的結構與[熱力學量](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6) ![](https://i.imgur.com/LIKxCtb.jpg) ## Bonded terms ### Bonded terms: Bonds ![](https://i.imgur.com/bnYBEpc.jpg) * 最直觀影響力場的因素就是鍵能,Bond化學鍵 * 比方說參鍵>雙鍵>單鍵 ### Bonded terms: Angles ![](https://i.imgur.com/H4LXL7d.jpg) * 有些分子是由多個原子組成,因此化學鍵,就會有夾角,而夾角會影響力場強度 * ![](https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-53d4fc313bb7d48df45c1fe65b909127_b.jpg) ### Bonded terms: Dihedrals ![](https://i.imgur.com/MajXvXG.jpg) * 在數學上 dihedral angle,翻譯為[二面角](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%9D%A2%E8%A7%92) * 立體分子中,面與面之間的力也會影響力場強度 * 經典例子:蛋白質 * 因為是立體的關係,所以它會有肽鍵 ## Non-bonded terms * ***MD中最需要注意的部分,也是花最多時間的部分*** ### Non-bonded terms: Lennard-Jones ![](https://i.imgur.com/VEVpPVJ.jpg) * Lennard Jones potential:[蘭納-瓊斯勢](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E7%BA%B3-%E7%90%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%BF) * 第一項 **1/r^12^** 可認為是對應於兩體在近距離時以互相排斥為主的作用 * 第二項 **1/r^6^** 對應兩體在遠距離以互相吸引(例如通過凡得瓦力)為主的作用 * 我們沒有很強的靜電荷,但因為距離極小,因此與作用力成正比 ### Non-bonded terms: Electrostatics ![](https://i.imgur.com/S8C0Y05.jpg) * 如果有電荷就會有庫倫力

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