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    --- tags: Git title: Git 初始化 --- ## 專案版控初始化 輸入 `$ git init` 建立新的倉庫。 會在當前目錄建立一個 `.git` 目錄來初始化 Git。如果不想在進行版控只要刪除該資料夾即可。 ## 建立檔案 使用 `$ touch index.html` 來建立一個 html 檔案。 ## 檔案狀態 輸入 `$ git status` 會列出當前目錄檔案追蹤狀況 ![](https://i.imgur.com/JtZyFbm.png) 其中紅色字體代表該檔案還未被追蹤 ## 檔案追蹤 輸入 `$ git add index.html` 將 index.html 檔案加入暫存變更中。 如果輸入 `$ git add *.html` 會將所有附檔名為 .html 的檔案加入暫存。 輸入 `$ git add .` 或是 `$ git add --all` 則是將所有未追蹤檔案加入暫存變更。 **※ "--all" 與 "." 只有在 git 1.0 有差異 2.0後沒什麼差別** ## 解除暫存 如果今天想將檔案移出暫存目錄 輸入 `$ git rm --cached index.html` 來解除暫存狀態 ## 編輯檔案 雖然有編輯器可以使用,但如果只是簡單的修改檔案內容 可以使用 `$ echo "hellow world" > index.html` 來輸入 `hellow world` 文字。 ## Commit 將檔案加入追蹤後再次查看狀態 ![](https://i.imgur.com/FfusBnd.png) 會看到綠字顯示,有一個新檔案 index.html 這時候可以藉由 `$ git commit -m "git init"` 來將變更提交到倉庫存檔 `-m "git init"` 是用於說明在這次Commit中做了什麼事,基本上以簡單清楚的文字說明就好。 **※如果沒有將檔案用 `$ git add`加入暫存中,commit會無視該檔案** 在 Git 裡,主要可以分成 * 工作目錄 (Working Directory) * 暫存區域 (Staging Area) * 儲存庫 (Repository) 透過 `$ git add` 將檔案從工作目錄加入暫存區域 透過 `$ git commit` 將暫存區域的檔案正是儲存進儲存庫 ![](https://i.imgur.com/feLMihe.png) 如果不想要兩段式,可以直接使用 ``` $ git commit -a -m "updata" ``` 來跳過 add 的流程 ## Clone、Fetch、Pull、Push 當我們要下載一個專案的時候可以使用 `$ git clone "url"` 將指定網址的專案下載下來 `$ git fetch` 確認更新 `$ git pull` 從遠端提取最新檔 `$ git pull --rebase` 從遠端提取最新檔病重訂基底

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