# comp6841 f13a week2

## agenda
what was cool from lectures
something awesome
open learning permissions
case study
extension activities

## Case Study
The us presentdent have asked you to inequire about the deep water disaster you have been asked to consider the main lesson s to be learned from the dfisaster to produce a shjort list of reommendatoons tfor actions to be taken to prevent future disasters

Government, public and oil industry all support the inquiry and will give rsources for investigation
give 5 recommendatioons from theis presidental inquirey for actions to be taken to prevent future disasters
justify recommendation and justify your ranking, decreasing order

## Class top 5
1. Group 1 + Group 2's number 1 (regulation by someone)
2. Group 3's number 1 (automation of systems for detecting errors?)

Current - group 1's number 3 (training, procedures that must be followed)

### Group 1

Inquiry (What went wrong?)

Recommendations

1. Introduction of a communications officer for on-job issues - When issues occur, they communicate directly to all related parties to assess for any safety issues that need to be fixed before the job can continue. The role is government managed to ensure that a manager's self interest is not prioritised.

2. The government in conjunction with petroleum companies develop regulations related to construction (i.e. materials, equipment, etc), maintenance, and testing procedures. Companies which violate these regulations have the drilling licence for that rig cancelled. Continued violations can lead to all their drilling licences being revoked. All oil rigs are subject to random and regular inspection.

3. The petroleum companies develop their own training and safety procedures that are then approved by the government. These procedures should aim to prioritise safety over meeting deadlines and are subject to regular review and after all accidents. All employees (including executives) need to have completed the training to be allowed on oil rigs. Executives cannot make decisions regarding the operation of the oil rig if they have not completed the training and safety procedures. As part of the procedure, if an important issue is discovered, the details must be recorded immediately to better inform the executives or workers who are changing shifts so the issue can be resolved without delay.

4. All oil rigs need to pay a tax that is added to a fund to be used to pay for disaster cleanups and safety R&D (i.e. research on safety flaws, developing foolproof equipment, etc) with no patents. This will also be used to pay for government operations related to the regulation of the oil rigs. Note: this does not remove a company's liability for a disaster. They will still have to bear the main cost of a cleanup program as well be subject to severe fines as well as paying for the investigations.

5. If safer equipment that is compatible with the rig is developed then the oil rig should receive a (very low) temporary tax break for implementing it within a specified time period.

Notes

- Stricter standards i.e. safety, communication
- Regular 3rd party audits to prevent bias
- let engineers have the final say
- There were some problems with testing
- Maintenence is a top priority
- Communication issues need to be fixed for transparency
- Used nitrogen to harden cement faster which caused
- ethics training for managers / processes for doing something
- actually review reports
- foolproof equipment
- safety > profit
- have crews actually do their jobs
- properly report errors
- actual chain of command
- regular safety/maintenance tests

(FEEL FREE TO DELETE THAT MY BAD)
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### Group 2

Reccomendations thanks

1. Regulatory body created for current and future oil rigs and its parts - needs to be deeply seated?seeded? in the whole process from planning to creation to drilling. Provide inspections of operations and shut down production if drilling cannot be made at a safe level. 1. Regulatory will enable more control of what is allowed and also force industry giants to abide by the rules via inspection
2. Crew management needs to be improved and up to a certain standard. Training for managers and more frequent communnications between maangers -daily meetings 2. because a lot of problems stemmed from this, prevent breakdown of communication
3. Documentation for passing between companies/teams. Have teams be responsible for all of these things - avoid discrepencies for certain issues
4. Agreements need to be made before drilling starts. Who makes decisions, who makes the final decision (conflict resolution) - eliminate finger pointing after accidents
5. Legal responsibility, fines that make an actual impact from failing to follow regulations. Penalties to ensure things are enforced every time something goes wrong or is found to be wrong. - need incentive to prevent these from happening

7. FOLLOW THE PLANNED PROCEDURES THAT WERE TESTED AND TALKED ABOUT

2. Change in plans must be communicated and agreed on

3. Regular maintenance on machines, especially on emergency devices - sheer triggered early causing it to fail as the fail-safe

4. Don't rush things? Upper managedment wanted to go faster to save money. Have incentives to go slower - to make sure things are doing things right?

5. An issues board which registers all the issues including closed issues and issues to follow up

- Regulatory body to regulate all of these negligent behaviours
- If regulations are not met, prevent anything from ocurring - need to stop them
-
- Swapping teams meant info was lost on all the problems that are going wrong
- Nursing, hospital staff. How do they share info when swapping people?
- Have documentation on exactly one thing
- Conflict resolution - third party comes in that gets involved
-
- SENG - what do they do to share info when swapping people
- Have documentation

- More preventative measures for human errors
- One button push caused huge errors
- Warantee like seals for things that should not be tampered with
- Control pod was broken but they tested it remotely??? did they actually test it
- Regulations needed to be implemented BEFORE things go wrong
- Sea water and mud the gas and o-il went up the risers
- They were too lax about the last line of defence (which was it)
- When problems happened with it, they should have immediately do something about it
- The crew just left when things were going wrong
- Evacuation didn't occur when things went wrong
- Break down in communications
- Three companies involved - communication nightmare? and even more
- Lots of communications
- Cut a lot of corners and turned a blind eye
- There was no overarching commanding over what should be happening
- All the problems from all the companies needed to be reported somewhere
- A lot of things that were never approved or sanctioned,
- Whistleblower protection (BP fired the snitches)
- REgulations basically didn't exist and the government didn't do anything when they did get informed about it
- NEED TO PREVENT ALL THE NEGLIGENCE THAT'S BEEN
-
- let engineers have the final say
- There were some problems with testing
- Maintenence is a top priority
- Communication issues need to be fixed for transparency
- Used nitrogen to harden cement faster which caused
- Transocean manager vs BP manager. Trans said to use mud, bp said yeah nah pass and caused all this stuff probably
-

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### Group 3

**Discussion Points:**

Significant errors:
- Disagreement btw rig operator and BP on method of extraction (communication error)
- There were earlier problems not dealt with properly
- Disregarding signs of problems e.g "Yeah there is nothing to worry about"
- Wrong chemicals arriving adding to confusion
- Parts of drill equiptment to centralize the pipes was not installed
- No real standard to perform negative pressure test
- Lots of pressure to be productive
- Blame game
- Designs were not approved before manufacturing
- Evacuation procedure was not followed

**Recommendations**
0. No more oil drilling, solar power everywhere (hahaha)

1. Design better error detections systems to detect errors e.g fractures, faults - more automation

2. A more careful planning phase before the operation so that when there are problems everyone are better equipped to know what to do. e.g warning signs, actions, planning critical operation decisions early and avoid disagreement during critical stressful period

3. Having union member focussed on safety supervising process to prevent workers and managers from disregarding potential problems

4. More relevant and stringent training for operators, workers, managers including communication, dealing with pressure and stressful situation, communicating problems

5. Reintroduce safety restrictions/regulations (that were relaxed), testings on rigs, safety inspectors disregarded due to no incidents

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### Group 4

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### All Recommendations

#### Group 1

Introduction of a communications officer for on-job issues - When issues occur, they communicate directly to all related parties to assess for any safety issues that need to be fixed before the job can continue. The role is government managed to ensure that a manager's self interest is not prioritised.

#### Group 2
Regulatory body created for current and future oil rigs and its parts - needs to be deeply seated in the whole process from planning to creation to drilling. Provide inspections of operations and shut down production if drilling cannot be made at a safe level. Allows workers with safety concerns to notify body if upper management rejects their concerns. Why? Regulatory will enable more control of what is allowed and also force industry giants to abide by the rules via inspection