資研社課 - HackMD

# 資研社課 ## 俄羅斯方塊簡介俄羅斯方塊是一款經典的益智遊戲，由俄羅斯的遊戲設計師Alexey Pajitnov於1984年創作。這個遊戲的獨特之處在於玩家需要控制下落的七種不同形狀的方塊，以創造完整的水平行，當水平行被填滿時，該行將消失，玩家獲得分數。目標是在方塊堆積過高之前，清除盡可能多的行。以下是俄羅斯方塊的一些基本元素和規則： **方塊種類**：俄羅斯方塊包括七種不同形狀的方塊，它們由四個小正方形組成，可以是直的、橫的、L形、J形、S形、Z形或正方形。 **控制**：玩家可以使用鍵盤上的方向鍵左、右、下，來控制方塊的移動和旋轉，使其在屏幕上移動和變形。 **下落速度**：遊戲開始時，方塊下降速度較慢，但隨著時間的推移，速度將逐漸增加，增加了遊戲的難度。 **消行**：當一行方塊填滿整個水平行時，該行將被清除，玩家得分。清除多行同時可以獲得更高的分數。 **遊戲結束**：如果方塊堆疊到達遊戲區的頂部，則遊戲結束。 **得分**：玩家的得分通常是根據清除的行數和遊戲的難度而定。俄羅斯方塊以其簡單但極富挑戰性的遊戲方式，成為了電子遊戲歷史上最受歡迎和廣泛認識的遊戲之一，並在各種不同的遊戲平台上持續存在。 ## 設定 * 安裝**pygame** ``` pip install pygame ``` * 引入函式庫 ```python! import random #隨機生成數 import sys #結束遊戲 import time #計時 import pygame #遊戲背景 SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT = 450, 750 BG_COLOR = (40, 40, 60) # 背景色 BLOCK_COL_NUM = 10 # 每行的方格數 SIZE = 30 # 每個小方格大小 BLOCK_ROW_NUM = 25 # 每列的方個數 BORDER_WIDTH = 4 # 遊戲區邊框寬度 RED = (200, 30, 30) # 紅色，GAME OVER 的字型顏色 ``` ## 方塊圖形設定 ```python! # S形方塊 block_s = [['.OO', 'OO.', '...'], ['O..', 'OO.', '.O.']] # Z形方塊 block_z = [['OO.', '.OO', '...'], ['.O.', 'OO.', 'O..']] # I型方塊 block_i = [['.O..', '.O..', '.O..', '.O..'], ['....', '....', 'OOOO', '....']] # O型方塊 block_o = [['OO', 'OO']] # J型方塊 block_j = [['O..', 'OOO', '...'], ['.OO', '.O.', '.O.'], ['...', 'OOO', '..O'], ['.O.', '.O.', 'OO.']] # L型方塊 block_l = [['..O', 'OOO', '...'], ['.O.', '.O.', '.OO'], ['...', 'OOO', 'O..'], ['OO.', '.O.', '.O.']] # T型方塊 block_t = [['.O.', 'OOO', '...'], ['.O.', '.OO', '.O.'], ['...', 'OOO', '.O.'], ['.O.', 'OO.', '.O.']] ``` ## 背景設定 ```python! pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption('俄羅斯方塊') current_block = get_block() # 當前圖形 current_block_start_row = -2 # 當前圖片從哪一行開始顯示圖形 current_block_start_col = 4 # 當前圖形從哪一列開始顯示 next_block = get_block() # 下一個圖形 last_time = time.time() speed = 0.5 # 降落的速度 speed_info = '1' # 顯示的速度等級 stop_all_block_list = [['.' for i in range(BLOCK_COL_NUM)] for j in range(BLOCK_ROW_NUM)]# 定義一個列表，用來儲存所有的已經停止移動的形狀 # 字型 font = pygame.font.Font('yh.ttf', 24) # 黑體24 game_over_font = pygame.font.Font("yh.ttf", 72) game_over_font_width, game_over_font_height = game_over_font.size('GAME OVER') game_again_font_width, game_again_font_height = font.size('滑鼠點選任意位置，再來一局') score = 0 #得分 game_over = False #遊戲是否結束 #建立計時器 ``` ## 判斷遊戲是否結束 ```python! def judge_game_over(stop_all_block_list): if "O" in stop_all_block_list[0]: return True ``` ## 設置速度 ```python! def change_speed(score): speed_level = [("1", 0.5, 0, 20), ("2", 0.4, 21, 50), ("3", 0.3, 51, 100), ("4", 0.2, 101, 200), ("5", 0.1, 201, None)] for speed_info, speed, score_start, score_stop in speed_level: if score_stop and score_start <= score <= score_stop: return speed_info, speed elif score_stop is None and score >= score_start: return speed_info, speed ``` ## 消除方格 ```python! def judge_lines(stop_all_block_list): move_row_list = list() for row, line in enumerate(stop_all_block_list): if "." not in line: stop_all_block_list[row] = ['.' for _ in range(len(line))] move_row_list.append(row) if not move_row_list: return 0 for row in move_row_list: stop_all_block_list.pop(row) stop_all_block_list.insert(0, ['.' for _ in range(len(line))]) return len(move_row_list) * 10 ``` ## 改變列表 ```python! def add_to_stop_all_block_list(stop_all_block_list, current_block, current_block_start_row, current_block_start_col): for row, line in enumerate(current_block): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != '.': stop_all_block_list[current_block_start_row + row][current_block_start_col + col] = "O" ``` ## 改變遊戲介面 ```python! def change_current_block_style(current_block): current_block_style_list = None for block_style_list in [block_s, block_i, block_j, block_l, block_o, block_t, block_z]: if current_block in block_style_list: current_block_style_list = block_style_list index = current_block_style_list.index(current_block) index += 1 index = index % len(current_block_style_list) return current_block_style_list[index] ``` ## 判斷移動是否合法 * 右 ```python! def judge_move_right(current_block, current_block_start_col): for col in range(len(current_block[0]) - 1, -1, -1): col_list = [line[col] for line in current_block] if 'O' in col_list and current_block_start_col + col >= BLOCK_COL_NUM: return False return True ``` * 左 ```python! def judge_move_left(current_block, current_block_start_col): for col in range(len(current_block[0])): col_list = [line[col] for line in current_block] if 'O' in col_list and current_block_start_col + col < 0: return False return True ``` ## 判斷是否撞到底部或其他圖型 ```python! def judge_move_down(current_block, current_block_start_row, current_block_start_col, stop_all_block_list): stop_all_block_position = list() for row, line in enumerate(stop_all_block_list): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != ".": stop_all_block_position.append((row, col)) for row, line in enumerate(current_block): if 'O' in line and current_block_start_row + row >= BLOCK_ROW_NUM: return False for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != "." and (current_block_start_row + row, current_block_start_col + col) in stop_all_block_position: return False return True ``` ## 建圖 ```python! def get_block(): """ 建立一個圖形 """ block_style_list = random.choice([block_s, block_i, block_j, block_l, block_o, block_t, block_z]) return random.choice(block_style_list) ``` ## 建立計時器 ```python! clock = pygame.time.Clock() while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: if judge_move_left(current_block, current_block_start_col - 1): current_block_start_col -= 1 elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: if judge_move_right(current_block, current_block_start_col + 1): current_block_start_col += 1 elif event.key == pygame.K_UP: current_block_next_style = change_current_block_style(current_block) if judge_move_left(current_block_next_style, current_block_start_col) and judge_move_right(current_block_next_style, current_block_start_col) and judge_move_down(current_block, current_block_start_row, current_block_start_col, stop_all_block_list): # 判斷新的樣式沒有越界 current_block = current_block_next_style elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: # 判斷是否可以向下移動，如果碰到底部或者其它的圖形就不能移動了 if judge_move_down(current_block, current_block_start_row + 1, current_block_start_col, stop_all_block_list): current_block_start_row += 1 elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button: if game_over: # 重置遊戲用到的變數 current_block = get_block() # 當前圖形 current_block_start_row = -2 # 當前圖片從哪一行開始顯示圖形 current_block_start_col = 4 # 當前圖形從哪一列開始顯示 next_block = get_block() # 下一個圖形 stop_all_block_list = [['.' for i in range(BLOCK_COL_NUM)] for j in range(BLOCK_ROW_NUM)] score = 0 game_over = False # 判斷是否修改當前圖形顯示的起始行 if not game_over and time.time() - last_time > speed: last_time = time.time() # 判斷是否可以向下移動，如果碰到底部或者其它的圖形就不能移動了 if judge_move_down(current_block, current_block_start_row + 1, current_block_start_col, stop_all_block_list): current_block_start_row += 1 else: # 將這個圖形儲存到統一的列表中，這樣便於判斷是否成為一行 add_to_stop_all_block_list(stop_all_block_list, current_block, current_block_start_row, current_block_start_col) # 判斷是否有同一行的，如果有就消除，且加上分數 score += judge_lines(stop_all_block_list) # 判斷遊戲是否結束（如果第一行中間有O那麼就表示遊戲結束） game_over = judge_game_over(stop_all_block_list) # 調整速度 speed_info, speed = change_speed(score) # 建立新的圖形 current_block = next_block next_block = get_block() # 重置資料 current_block_start_col = 4 current_block_start_row = -2 # 畫背景（填充背景色） screen.fill(BG_COLOR) # 畫遊戲區域分隔線 pygame.draw.line(screen, (100, 40, 200), (SIZE * BLOCK_COL_NUM, 0), (SIZE * BLOCK_COL_NUM, SCREEN_HEIGHT), BORDER_WIDTH) # 顯示當前圖形 for row, line in enumerate(current_block): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != '.': pygame.draw.rect(screen, (20, 128, 200), ((current_block_start_col + col) * SIZE, (current_block_start_row + row) * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0) # 顯示所有停止移動的圖形 for row, line in enumerate(stop_all_block_list): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != '.': pygame.draw.rect(screen, (20, 128, 200), (col * SIZE, row * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0) # 畫網格線豎線 for x in range(BLOCK_COL_NUM): pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (x * SIZE, 0), (x * SIZE, SCREEN_HEIGHT), 1) # 畫網格線橫線 for y in range(BLOCK_ROW_NUM): pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (0, y * SIZE), (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE, y * SIZE), 1) # 顯示右側（得分、速度、下一行圖形） # 得分 score_show_msg = font.render('得分: ', True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(score_show_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 10)) score_show_msg = font.render(str(score), True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(score_show_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 50)) # 速度 speed_show_msg = font.render('速度: ', True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(speed_show_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 100)) speed_show_msg = font.render(speed_info, True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(speed_show_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 150)) # 下一個圖形（文字提示） next_style_msg = font.render('下一個: ', True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(next_style_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 200)) # 下一個圖形（圖形） for row, line in enumerate(next_block): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != '.': pygame.draw.rect(screen, (20, 128, 200), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0) # 顯示這個方格的4個邊的顏色 # 左 pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row + 1) * SIZE), 1) # 上 pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE), (320 + SIZE * (col + 1), (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE), 1) # 下 pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row + 1) * SIZE), (320 + SIZE * (col + 1), (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row + 1) * SIZE), 1) # 右 pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (320 + SIZE * (col + 1), (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE), (320 + SIZE * (col + 1), (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row + 1) * SIZE), 1) # 顯示遊戲結束畫面 if game_over: game_over_tips = game_over_font.render('GAME OVER', True, RED) screen.blit(game_over_tips, ((SCREEN_WIDTH - game_over_font_width) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - game_over_font_height) // 2)) # 顯示"滑鼠點選任意位置，再來一局" game_again = font.render('滑鼠點選任意位置，再來一局', True, RED) screen.blit(game_again, ((SCREEN_WIDTH - game_again_font_width) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - game_again_font_height) // 2 + 80)) # 重新整理顯示（此時視窗才會真正的顯示） pygame.display.update() # FPS（每秒鐘顯示畫面的次數） clock.tick(60) # 通過一定的延時，實現1秒鐘能夠迴圈60次 ``` ## 完整程式碼 ```python! import random import sys import time import pygame block_s = [['.OO', 'OO.', '...'], ['O..', 'OO.', '.O.']] block_z = [['OO.', '.OO', '...'], ['.O.', 'OO.', 'O..']] block_i = [['.O..', '.O..', '.O..', '.O..'], ['....', '....', 'OOOO', '....']] block_o = [['OO', 'OO']] block_j = [['O..', 'OOO', '...'], ['.OO', '.O.', '.O.'], ['...', 'OOO', '..O'], ['.O.', '.O.', 'OO.']] block_l = [['..O', 'OOO', '...'], ['.O.', '.O.', '.OO'], ['...', 'OOO', 'O..'], ['OO.', '.O.', '.O.']] block_t = [['.O.', 'OOO', '...'], ['.O.', '.OO', '.O.'], ['...', 'OOO', '.O.'], ['.O.', 'OO.', '.O.']] SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT = 450, 750 BG_COLOR = (40, 40, 60) BLOCK_COL_NUM = 10 SIZE = 30 BLOCK_ROW_NUM = 25 BORDER_WIDTH = 4 RED = (200, 30, 30) def judge_game_over(stop_all_block_list): if "O" in stop_all_block_list[0]: return True def change_speed(score): speed_level = [("1", 0.5, 0, 20), ("2", 0.4, 21, 50), ("3", 0.3, 51, 100), ("4", 0.2, 101, 200), ("5", 0.1, 201, None)] for speed_info, speed, score_start, score_stop in speed_level: if score_stop and score_start <= score <= score_stop: return speed_info, speed elif score_stop is None and score >= score_start: return speed_info, speed def judge_lines(stop_all_block_list): move_row_list = list() for row, line in enumerate(stop_all_block_list): if "." not in line: stop_all_block_list[row] = ['.' for _ in range(len(line))] move_row_list.append(row) if not move_row_list: return 0 for row in move_row_list: stop_all_block_list.pop(row) stop_all_block_list.insert(0, ['.' for _ in range(len(line))]) return len(move_row_list) * 10 def add_to_stop_all_block_list(stop_all_block_list, current_block, current_block_start_row, current_block_start_col): for row, line in enumerate(current_block): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != '.': stop_all_block_list[current_block_start_row + row][current_block_start_col + col] = "O" def change_current_block_style(current_block): current_block_style_list = None for block_style_list in [block_s, block_i, block_j, block_l, block_o, block_t, block_z]: if current_block in block_style_list: current_block_style_list = block_style_list index = current_block_style_list.index(current_block) index += 1 index = index % len(current_block_style_list) return current_block_style_list[index] def judge_move_right(current_block, current_block_start_col): for col in range(len(current_block[0]) - 1, -1, -1): col_list = [line[col] for line in current_block] if 'O' in col_list and current_block_start_col + col >= BLOCK_COL_NUM: return False return True def judge_move_left(current_block, current_block_start_col): for col in range(len(current_block[0])): col_list = [line[col] for line in current_block] if 'O' in col_list and current_block_start_col + col < 0: return False return True def judge_move_down(current_block, current_block_start_row, current_block_start_col, stop_all_block_list): stop_all_block_position = list() for row, line in enumerate(stop_all_block_list): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != ".": stop_all_block_position.append((row, col)) for row, line in enumerate(current_block): if 'O' in line and current_block_start_row + row >= BLOCK_ROW_NUM: return False for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != "." and (current_block_start_row + row, current_block_start_col + col) in stop_all_block_position: return False return True def get_block(): block_style_list = random.choice([block_s, block_i, block_j, block_l, block_o, block_t, block_z]) return random.choice(block_style_list) def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption('俄羅斯方塊') current_block = get_block() current_block_start_row = -2 current_block_start_col = 4 next_block = get_block() last_time = time.time() speed = 0.5 speed_info = '1' stop_all_block_list = [['.' for i in range(BLOCK_COL_NUM)] for j in range(BLOCK_ROW_NUM)] font = pygame.font.Font(r"C:\Users\USER\Music\Desktop\play\kaiu.ttf", 24) game_over_font = pygame.font.Font(r"C:\Users\USER\Music\Desktop\play\kaiu.ttf" , 72) game_over_font_width, game_over_font_height = game_over_font.size('GAME OVER') game_again_font_width, game_again_font_height = font.size('滑鼠點選任意位置，再來一局') score = 0 game_over = False clock = pygame.time.Clock() while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: if judge_move_left(current_block, current_block_start_col - 1): current_block_start_col -= 1 elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: if judge_move_right(current_block, current_block_start_col + 1): current_block_start_col += 1 elif event.key == pygame.K_UP: current_block_next_style = change_current_block_style(current_block) if judge_move_left(current_block_next_style, current_block_start_col) and judge_move_right(current_block_next_style, current_block_start_col) and judge_move_down(current_block, current_block_start_row, current_block_start_col, stop_all_block_list): current_block = current_block_next_style elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: if judge_move_down(current_block, current_block_start_row + 1, current_block_start_col, stop_all_block_list): current_block_start_row += 1 elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button: if game_over: current_block = get_block() current_block_start_row = -2 current_block_start_col = 4 next_block = get_block() stop_all_block_list = [['.' for i in range(BLOCK_COL_NUM)] for j in range(BLOCK_ROW_NUM)] score = 0 game_over = False if not game_over and time.time() - last_time > speed: last_time = time.time() if judge_move_down(current_block, current_block_start_row + 1, current_block_start_col, stop_all_block_list): current_block_start_row += 1 else: add_to_stop_all_block_list(stop_all_block_list, current_block, current_block_start_row, current_block_start_col) score += judge_lines(stop_all_block_list) game_over = judge_game_over(stop_all_block_list) speed_info, speed = change_speed(score) current_block = next_block next_block = get_block() current_block_start_col = 4 current_block_start_row = -2 screen.fill(BG_COLOR) pygame.draw.line(screen, (100, 40, 200), (SIZE * BLOCK_COL_NUM, 0), (SIZE * BLOCK_COL_NUM, SCREEN_HEIGHT), BORDER_WIDTH) for row, line in enumerate(current_block): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != '.': pygame.draw.rect(screen, (20, 128, 200), ((current_block_start_col + col) * SIZE, (current_block_start_row + row) * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0) for row, line in enumerate(stop_all_block_list): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != '.': pygame.draw.rect(screen, (20, 128, 200), (col * SIZE, row * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0) for x in range(BLOCK_COL_NUM): pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (x * SIZE, 0), (x * SIZE, SCREEN_HEIGHT), 1) for y in range(BLOCK_ROW_NUM): pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (0, y * SIZE), (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE, y * SIZE), 1) score_show_msg = font.render('得分: ', True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(score_show_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 10)) score_show_msg = font.render(str(score), True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(score_show_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 50)) speed_show_msg = font.render('速度: ', True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(speed_show_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 100)) speed_show_msg = font.render(speed_info, True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(speed_show_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 150)) next_style_msg = font.render('下一個: ', True, (255, 255, 255)) screen.blit(next_style_msg, (BLOCK_COL_NUM * SIZE + 10, 200)) for row, line in enumerate(next_block): for col, block in enumerate(line): if block != '.': pygame.draw.rect(screen, (20, 128, 200), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE, SIZE, SIZE), 0) pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row + 1) * SIZE), 1) pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE), (320 + SIZE * (col + 1), (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE), 1) pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (320 + SIZE * col, (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row + 1) * SIZE), (320 + SIZE * (col + 1), (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row + 1) * SIZE), 1) pygame.draw.line(screen, (0, 0, 0), (320 + SIZE * (col + 1), (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row) * SIZE), (320 + SIZE * (col + 1), (BLOCK_COL_NUM + row + 1) * SIZE), 1) if game_over: game_over_tips = game_over_font.render('GAME OVER', True, RED) screen.blit(game_over_tips, ((SCREEN_WIDTH - game_over_font_width) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - game_over_font_height) // 2)) game_again = font.render('滑鼠點選任意位置，再來一局', True, RED) screen.blit(game_again, ((SCREEN_WIDTH - game_again_font_width) // 2, (SCREEN_HEIGHT - game_again_font_height) // 2 + 80)) pygame.display.update() clock.tick(60) if __name__ == '__main__': main() ```

Syntax	Example	Reference
# Header	Header	基本排版
- Unordered List	Unordered List
1. Ordered List	Ordered List
- [ ] Todo List	Todo List
> Blockquote	Blockquote
Bold font	Bold font
Italics font	Italics font
~~Strikethrough~~	~~Strikethrough~~
19^th^	19^th
H~2~O	H₂O
++Inserted text++	Inserted text
==Marked text==	Marked text
[link text](https:// "title")	Link
![image alt](https:// "title")	Image
`Code`	`Code`	在筆記中貼入程式碼
```javascript var i = 0; ```	`var i = 0;`
:smile:		Emoji list
{%youtube youtube_id %}	Externals
$L^aT_eX$	L^aT_eX
:::info This is a alert area. :::	This is a alert area.