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    # 搭建Spring data jpa 數據層 在開始之前要先了解一下目錄架構擺放位置,上一次 mybatis 數據層篇,位置沒有照規定擺,這次來以 Spring MVC架構 來進行擺放,mybatis 也可以這樣擺看看 ,今天是以 Spring Data Jpa 來集合 數據層 # DAO層,Service層,Controller層、View層詳解 * MVC ![](https://i.imgur.com/firxHSC.png) * Spring MVC ![](https://i.imgur.com/cew4RZv.png) 差不多像上述的圖,懶的話 XD * 1、Dao層 Dao層主要是做資料持久層的工作,負責與資料庫進行聯絡的一些任務都封裝在此,Dao層的設計首先是設計Dao的介面,然後在Spring的配置檔案中定義此介面的實現類,然後就可在模組中呼叫此介面來進行資料業務的處理,而不用關心此介面的具體實現類是哪個類,顯得結構非常清晰,Dao層的資料來源配置,以及有關資料庫連線的引數都在Spring的配置檔案中進行配置。 * 2、Service層 Service層主要負責業務模組的邏輯應用設計。同樣是首先設計介面,再設計其實現的類,接著再Spring的配置檔案中配置其實現的關聯。這樣我們就可以在應用中呼叫Service介面來進行業務處理。Service層的業務實現,具體要呼叫到已定義的Dao層的介面,封裝Service層的業務邏輯有利於通用的業務邏輯的獨立性和重複利用性,程式顯得非常簡潔。 * 3、Controller層 Controller層負責具體的業務模組流程的控制,在此層裡面要呼叫Service層的介面來控制業務流程,控制的配置也同樣是在Spring的配置檔案裡面進行,針對具體的業務流程,會有不同的控制器,我們具體的設計過程中可以將流程進行抽象歸納,設計出可以重複利用的子單元流程模組,這樣不僅使程式結構變得清晰,也大大減少了程式碼量。 * 4、View層 View層與控制層結合比較緊密,需要二者結合起來協同工作。View層主要負責網頁前臺的Jsp頁面的表示。 View 方面 就是 使用者觸發 Controller,然後 Controller 處理完資料再填入 View 這邊可以暫時理解為使用者觸發 Restful Api ``` http://localhost:8080/users/findall http://localhost:8080/users/a/2 ``` 所以以上述例子觸發的流程就是 ![](https://i.imgur.com/EJa2sDV.png) # 新建專案 ![](https://i.imgur.com/OldUlke.png) # 目錄擺放位置 ![](https://i.imgur.com/riAA3mu.png) # 新增 配置檔案 application.properties ``` spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC spring.datasource.username = root spring.datasource.password = root # Keep the connection alive if idle for a long time (needed in production) spring.datasource.testWhileIdle = true spring.datasource.validationQuery = SELECT 1 # Show or not log for each sql query spring.jpa.show-sql = true # Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, update) spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update # Naming strategy spring.jpa.hibernate.naming-strategy = org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy # Use spring.jpa.properties.* for Hibernate native properties (the prefix is # stripped before adding them to the entity manager) # The SQL dialect makes Hibernate generate better SQL for the chosen database spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect ``` # 新建 Entity 此資料庫對應的是 上一次的 mybatis 資料庫結構 ```java package com.example.demo.entity; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name = " users", catalog = "mybatis") public class UserEntity { @Id @Column (name = "id") @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) private Integer id; @Column (name = "name") private String Name ; @Column (name = "age") private Integer age; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return Name; } public void setName(String name) { Name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } } ``` # 新增 Dao 層 ``` java package com.example.demo.dao; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity; @Repository public interface UsersDao extends JpaRepository <UserEntity,Integer>{ } ``` # 新增 Service 層 interface ```java package com.example.demo.service; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity; public interface IUserService { public List<UserEntity> findAllUser(); public UserEntity getEmplpyee(Integer employeeId); } ``` # 新增 Service implements ```java package com.example.demo.service.impl; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import com.example.demo.dao.UsersDao; import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity; import com.example.demo.service.IUserService; @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { @Autowired private UsersDao userDao; @Override public List<UserEntity> findAllUser() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return userDao.findAll(); } @Override public UserEntity getEmplpyee(Integer employeeId) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return userDao.findById(employeeId).get(); } } ``` # 新增 Controller ``` java package com.example.demo.web.controller; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.example.demo.dao.UsersDao; import com.example.demo.entity.UserEntity; import com.example.demo.service.IUserService; @RestController @RequestMapping("/users") public class UserController { @Autowired IUserService userService; @GetMapping("/findall") public List<UserEntity> getAll() { return userService.findAllUser(); } @GetMapping("/a/{id}") public UserEntity getEmplpyee(@PathVariable(name = "id") Integer employeeId) { return userService.getEmplpyee(employeeId); } } ``` # Restful api ```URL http://localhost:8080/users/findall http://localhost:8080/users/a/2 ``` # 執行結果 ![](https://i.imgur.com/gOterxE.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/FP9f5PA.png)

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