Johnson Liang
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
      • Invitee
    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Engagement control
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Versions and GitHub Sync Engagement control Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
Invitee
Publish Note

Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
Your note is now live.
This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
See published notes
Unpublish note
Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
View profile
Engagement control
Commenting
Permission
Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Enable
Permission
  • Forbidden
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Suggest edit
Permission
Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Enable
Permission
  • Forbidden
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
Emoji Reply
Enable
Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
   owned this note    owned this note      
Published Linked with GitHub
Subscribed
  • Any changes
    Be notified of any changes
  • Mention me
    Be notified of mention me
  • Unsubscribe
Subscribe
Web Frontend i18n ======= > 目前是個速記格式,未來前面加個動機、後面加個結語,可能會發展成 medium 文章 ## 評估前端使用的 i18n solution i18n 基本上由兩種檔案組成: 1. 💻 要支援多國語言的程式碼。待翻譯的字串可能會有這些問題: * 有可能位在 view 裡頭(React 的 lifecycle 裡)。 * 有可能位在 view 外面(constants, redux actions, etc),這裡沒有 React context 可以用。 * 需要支援單複數。 * 有可能會需要 interpolation(例如說「您的檔案 ${fileName} 已經刪除」) * 有可能會夾雜 HTML 標籤(例如說「請按<a>這裡</a>來繼續」) 2. 📖 翻譯檔 message catalogs(每個語言一份),是程式碼內的 key,與實際翻譯文字的 mapping document。 下面會從最單純(也最土砲)的方式開始介紹各種不同工具在上述問題的比較。 ## 純土炮 key-value based solution ### 💻 待翻譯程式:引入一個超大 map,印出 map 的某個 value 完全不用任何 library 的 i18n,就是在程式碼裡面每個要翻譯的字串,都用類似 `transObj[langKey][strKey]` 取代,其中 - `transObj` 就是翻譯檔總匯,包含所有語言。需要被 import 到每一個要翻譯的 JS 檔案裡頭。 - `langKey` 就是現在的語言 key(`"zh-TW"` 或 `"ja"` 之類)。 - `strKey` 就是該字串在翻譯檔裡的代號。 利用 JS 的語言特性,其實我們可以把 `transObj` 與 `langKey` 包起來,export 出一個 `(strKey) => 翻譯後字串` 的 function(通常會叫做 `t()` 之類的),以及設定 `langKey` 的 setter function (通常會叫做`setLocale()` 之類的) 就好,這樣每個檔案就只要引入那個 `strKey => 翻譯字串` function 就可以了。 要區分單複數的情況,可能可以用不同的 `strKey` 來分別代表單數與複數的情形。 至於 interpolation、HTML 標籤夾雜的狀況,可能就各自為政、自求多福了。 ### 📖 翻譯檔:Map language & keys to strings 重點就是要蓋出上面的那個 `transObj`。它可以是個雙層的 object 放在 JSON 裡,或者是其他的任何格式。 ### 誰在用這個方法 - [Rails i18n API](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/i18n.html) 只要把 yml 放在指定的資料夾,就能自動載入 `transObj` 到 Rails view 裡頭。 - g0v summit 2014 - [翻譯檔](https://github.com/g0v/archive-summit-2014/blob/f8859a841a117b408970e80c56acbba4f6a967f2/app/jsons/header.json) - [被翻譯的程式](https://github.com/g0v/archive-summit-2014/blob/f8859a841a117b408970e80c56acbba4f6a967f2/app/javascripts/components/MainInfo/index.jsx#L23) ## react-intl ### 💻 待翻譯程式 ### 📖 翻譯檔 ## i18next ### 💻 待翻譯程式 大致上是使用 `i18n.t` 把 key 換成 translated value。 不過 react-i18next 多提供了 `<Trans>` component,原文(英文)可以直接留在程式碼裡面做為預設語言,不用為原文另外準備一套翻譯檔。 `<Trans>` 也可以處理 HTML 標籤夾雜的狀況;在 translated value 裡面使用 `<0>` `</0>` 就能對應到實際程式碼裡頭相對應的 tag, ### 📖 翻譯檔:可以全自動生成的 json 翻譯檔是[JSON 格式](https://www.i18next.com/misc/json-format.html)。 有工具可以自動 extract:http://i18next.github.io/i18next-scanner/ extract 第二次的時候,會跟現有翻譯合併 翻譯檔看不出來是從哪個檔案 extract 出來的,希望大家的翻譯 key 都能 unique 呢。 ## [js-lingui](https://github.com/lingui/js-lingui) ### 💻 待翻譯程式:ICU format 基本上可以整個取代 `react-intl`⋯⋯ ### 📖 翻譯檔:可以全自動生成的 json 雖然格式有所不同,但有自動化工具、抽出來之後看不出來是從哪個檔案 extract 出來這點基本上差不多。 似乎跟 i18next 差不多。 ## [es2015-i18n-tag](http://i18n-tag.kolmer.net/) ### 💻 待翻譯程式:鼓勵直接寫英文! 翻譯的 key `langKey` 就是英文原文字串。 外頭包 `t` Tagged template 處理 interpolation #### 特色:[支援 compile-time 翻譯](https://github.com/skolmer/babel-plugin-i18n-tag-translate#example) - 翻譯檔不會被傳到前端;他會直接被 babel plugin compile 進 source code,in-place 取代掉原本的英文 - 優點: 1. 省頻寬、省載入時間 2. **搞i18n居然不用載入翻譯檔,真的無敵潮!根本聖杯!!** - 缺點(聖杯的代價): 1. 你要支援 n 個語言,就得 compile n 個 binary 出來 2. 換語言 = 換整套 application 的 js binary,可能會需要設定 nginx 來處理 3. 理論上無法與 next.js 整合,因為 next.js 把 compilation 與 app instantiation 握在自己手上。 4. 如果你不搞 compile-time 翻譯,那 translation key 是英文原文,就會讓程式碼有點大⋯⋯ ### 📖 翻譯檔:手動自己蓋的 JSON,但有工具可以跟程式碼互相驗證。 他不像 js-lingui 那樣自動生成翻譯檔,所以翻譯檔本身可能還是要手動複製貼上 key 到你自己的 JSON。 但是他可以從程式檔生成的 [json schema](https://github.com/skolmer/i18n-tag-schema),來驗證你的 JSON: - 程式碼有某字串,但 JSON 裏沒有 - JSON 裏有某 key,程式碼裏沒有 - JSON key 與 value 的 interpolation `${}` 是否都有正確對應 ## ttag.js ### 💻 待翻譯程式:直接寫英文! 同 es2015-i18n-tag,使用 `t` tagged tempalte。 `ngettext` tagged template 處理單複數 跟 HTML 混用:目前是用詭異的 [`jt`]() 解, 未來有[新的方式]()。 #### 也有 compile-time 翻譯 同 js-lingui。也可以[載入翻譯檔](https://github.com/c-3po-org/c-3po/issues/103)就是了。 ### 📖 翻譯檔:全自動生成 gettext 格式 pot 檔 類似 js-lingui,不過他是用 babel plugin 掃一次你所有的 source code,然後自動產生翻譯檔樣板(`.pot`) 再使用 gettext 的 `msgmerge` 把翻譯檔樣板跟之前的翻譯檔(`.po`)做合併,他會自動地: - 加入程式碼中的新字串 - 把程式碼裡已經不使用的字串翻譯加上註解 - 如果有相近的字串,會填上現有的相近翻譯,然後標上 fuzzy tag 讓你人工檢查 - 在每個 entry 上面標註這一行是從哪個檔案哪一行 extract 出來的 這個部分由於採用 gettext 這套成熟系統與格式,所以比自幹格式的 js-lingui 強。 ### 特色 #### Gettext 生態系 - [translate-toolkit](http://docs.translatehouse.org/projects/translate-toolkit/en/latest/) CLI 系列工具可以合併 po files(`pomerge`)、debug po files (`podebug`) - 各種 IDE、Translation management system、多人協作翻譯系統的支援 ## fbt

Import from clipboard

Paste your markdown or webpage here...

Advanced permission required

Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

This team is disabled

Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

This note is locked

Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

Reach the limit

Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

Import from Gist

Import from Snippet

or

Export to Snippet

Are you sure?

Do you really want to delete this note?
All users will lose their connection.

Create a note from template

Create a note from template

Oops...
This template has been removed or transferred.
Upgrade
All
  • All
  • Team
No template.

Create a template

Upgrade

Delete template

Do you really want to delete this template?
Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

This page need refresh

You have an incompatible client version.
Refresh to update.
New version available!
See releases notes here
Refresh to enjoy new features.
Your user state has changed.
Refresh to load new user state.

Sign in

Forgot password

or

By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
Wallet ( )
Connect another wallet

New to HackMD? Sign up

Help

  • English
  • 中文
  • Français
  • Deutsch
  • 日本語
  • Español
  • Català
  • Ελληνικά
  • Português
  • italiano
  • Türkçe
  • Русский
  • Nederlands
  • hrvatski jezik
  • język polski
  • Українська
  • हिन्दी
  • svenska
  • Esperanto
  • dansk

Documents

Help & Tutorial

How to use Book mode

Slide Example

API Docs

Edit in VSCode

Install browser extension

Contacts

Feedback

Discord

Send us email

Resources

Releases

Pricing

Blog

Policy

Terms

Privacy

Cheatsheet

Syntax Example Reference
# Header Header 基本排版
- Unordered List
  • Unordered List
1. Ordered List
  1. Ordered List
- [ ] Todo List
  • Todo List
> Blockquote
Blockquote
**Bold font** Bold font
*Italics font* Italics font
~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
19^th^ 19th
H~2~O H2O
++Inserted text++ Inserted text
==Marked text== Marked text
[link text](https:// "title") Link
![image alt](https:// "title") Image
`Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
```javascript
var i = 0;
```
var i = 0;
:smile: :smile: Emoji list
{%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
$L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
:::info
This is a alert area.
:::

This is a alert area.

Versions and GitHub Sync
Get Full History Access

  • Edit version name
  • Delete

revision author avatar     named on  

More Less

Note content is identical to the latest version.
Compare
    Choose a version
    No search result
    Version not found
Sign in to link this note to GitHub
Learn more
This note is not linked with GitHub
 

Feedback

Submission failed, please try again

Thanks for your support.

On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

 

Thanks for your feedback

Remove version name

Do you want to remove this version name and description?

Transfer ownership

Transfer to
    Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

      Link with GitHub

      Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
      • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
      • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
      Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

      Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

        Authorize again
       

      Choose which file to push to

      Select repo
      Refresh Authorize more repos
      Select branch
      Select file
      Select branch
      Choose version(s) to push
      • Save a new version and push
      • Choose from existing versions
      Include title and tags
      Available push count

      Pull from GitHub

       
      File from GitHub
      File from HackMD

      GitHub Link Settings

      File linked

      Linked by
      File path
      Last synced branch
      Available push count

      Danger Zone

      Unlink
      You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

      Syncing

      Push failed

      Push successfully