Tsung-Jung Tsai (TJ_Tsai)
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    流感病毒 懶人包 === ###### tags: `醫療`, `流感病毒` <br> | 流感種類 | 感染對象 | 病毒株 | | ------- | ------ | -------- | | A 型流感(宿主:人類)<br>禽流感病毒(宿主:非人類) | 人、豬、鯨、禽、馬 | H<i>n</i>N<i>n</i> | | B 型流感 | 人 | 維多利亞株, 山形株 | | C 型流感 | 人 | | <br> | 疫苗的名稱 | 疫苗的價數 | 意義 | | -------- | --------- | --- | | 流感疫苗 | 三價(2A1B) | 預防兩種會流行的 A 型流感病毒株H1 & H3,外加一種 B 型流感病毒株 | | 流感疫苗 | 四價(2A2B) | 預防兩種會流行的 A 型流感病毒株H1 & H3,外加兩種 B 型流感病毒株(維多利亞株 & 山形株) | | 肺炎疫苗| 7價 | 預防 7 種肺炎鏈球菌 | | 肺炎疫苗| 13價 | 預防 13 種肺炎鏈球菌 | <br> <hr> ## <b style="background: yellow;">A 型流感</b> - ### 病毒結構 [![](https://i.imgur.com/jOl6bib.jpg)](https://i.imgur.com/jOl6bib.jpg) - [圖片來源:https://mulicia.pixnet.net/blog/post/28514202](https://mulicia.pixnet.net/blog/post/28514202) - 注意病毒表面的兩種特徵(配體) - 血凝素 - 神經胺酸酶 <br> - ### 命名 - HnNn - H(hemagglutinin) - 表面的血球凝集素(HA蛋白) - H 有 H1 - H16,共 16 個个亞型 - N(neuraminidase) - 神經胺酸酶(NA蛋白) - N 有 N1-N10,共 10 個亞型 - ### 病毒總類 - 16 x 10 = 160 種 - 人類流感病毒 - H1, H2, H3,共三種 H 抗原 - N1, N2,共兩種 N 抗原 - 合計有 3 x 2 = 6 種組合 - H5N1 ??? - ### 人畜流感病毒 [![](https://i.imgur.com/mzpbVuE.jpg)](https://i.imgur.com/mzpbVuE.jpg) [圖片來源:https://mulicia.pixnet.net/blog/post/28514202](https://mulicia.pixnet.net/blog/post/28514202) <br> - [禽流感對人類來說相當致命,過去15年間的死亡率超過50%;](https://udn.com/news/story/7314/4316567) <br> - Q & A - [H1N1知識自我檢測-民眾版.pdf](https://www.cdc.gov.tw/File/Get/Fl5Z0AJsdiI_wyTVERg1qw) <br> ## <b style="background: yellow;">B 型流感</b> - ### 病毒總類 - Victoria(維多利亞)株 - Yamagata(山形)株 - [B型流感症狀](https://heho.com.tw/archives/62830) - 很喜歡攻擊肌肉、腸胃,容易造成肌肉痠痛、拉肚子等症狀 <br> ## A v.s B 型流感 ![](https://i.imgur.com/3Hd57Q3.png) [圖片來源:https://heho.com.tw/archives/62160](https://heho.com.tw/archives/62160) - B型流感比較容易腹瀉和肌肉痠痛 (https://www.parenting.com.tw/article/5070241) - 死亡個案 - 起於併發症,通常由「肺炎鏈球菌」引起 > 如果孩子發燒進入緩和期之後一、兩天,又再度高燒復發,就是併發症的警訊。通常第二次高燒,代表可能有細菌入侵,並且合併新的症狀,比如說:入侵至肺炎會開始喘,中耳炎會喊痛等。如果孩子還不會說話,精神不佳則是最需要小心的警訊。有上述情形的話,快點將孩子帶到醫院診所吧! <br> ## 流感病毒 - 分類依據 - ### NP蛋白 - 人類流感病毒基因組RNA的第5片段上含有一種編碼長度為498個氨基酸的蛋白 - ### 基質蛋白M1 - RNA第7片段編碼的另一種病毒結構蛋白 - ### 根據NP、M1抗原性的不同<br>把流感病毒分為 A、B、C 三型。 - ### 第四類病毒 - 稱為 SARS 冠狀病毒 https://sa.ylib.com/MagArticle.aspx?Unit=newscan&id=219 - ### 關於天氣 - [武漢肺炎台灣出現無症狀感染者 冠狀病毒之父也憂心](https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202002120291.aspx) > 賴明詔解釋,天熱可殺死病毒的說法,其實是錯誤觀念,冠狀病毒不論在冷、熱環境中,傳染力都差不多,且冠狀病毒至少要高溫攝氏50至60度才殺得死,夏天的氣溫不太可能高到可殺死病毒。 <br> ## 參考資料 - ### 流感病毒 - [簡單認識流感病毒的名字](https://mulicia.pixnet.net/blog/post/28514202) - [瑽寧:一分鐘搞懂A型和B型流感](https://www.parenting.com.tw/article/5070241) - [A型流感、B型流感差在哪?一張表看懂怎麼治療!](https://heho.com.tw/archives/62160) - ### 流感併發症 - [流感本身不可怕!醫生:不打疫苗「併發症」才是最可怕死因](https://heho.com.tw/archives/62224) - [嚴重肺炎疫情全球發燒 民眾如何自保?](https://market.ltn.com.tw/article/7929) > 蘇醫師表示,「目前台灣的流感疫苗,都是4價。肺炎鏈球菌疫苗,則有兩種。老人家如果在政府的補助下,已經打過23價的肺炎鏈球菌疫苗,還想得到更多的保護,間隔一年後,可以再補打13價的肺炎鏈球菌疫苗。如果是從來沒打過肺炎鏈球菌疫苗的嚴重肺炎高危險群,可以先打有免疫記憶的13價肺炎鏈球菌疫苗,隔一年再追加23價的肺炎鏈球菌疫苗,得到更完整的保護。」 - ### 疫苗 - [疫苗里的幾價是什麼意思 指細菌的血清型](https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/agriculture/mk6aepg.html) - [圍堵病毒:研製流感疫苗](https://sa.ylib.com/MagArticle.aspx?Unit=easylearn&id=1426) - [【那一年的這一天】1995.6.23小兒麻痺疫苗研發者沙克博士辭世](https://www.peoplenews.tw/news/a20dbd1f-2631-49e0-bf77-ef2bf738f05d) - [抗流感的萬用疫苗](https://scitechvista.nat.gov.tw/c/skwA.htm) - [B型流感疫苗吻合度0%!台大醫:過年一定會爆發大流行](https://heho.com.tw/archives/62830) - ### 清潔 - [酒精洗手液對病毒有效嗎?](https://mulicia.pixnet.net/blog/post/24278873) ![](https://i.imgur.com/gDEbr4K.jpg) - [用酒精消毒液防流感?日研究:自來水洗手更有效](https://health.udn.com/health/story/5999/4073643) - [NTU-VirusBom臺大病毒崩](http://virusbom.com/q-and-a)

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