Jin
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
      • Invitee
    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Engagement control
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Versions and GitHub Sync Engagement control Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
Invitee
Publish Note

Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
Your note is now live.
This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
See published notes
Unpublish note
Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
View profile
Engagement control
Commenting
Permission
Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Enable
Permission
  • Forbidden
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Suggest edit
Permission
Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Enable
Permission
  • Forbidden
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
Emoji Reply
Enable
Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
   owned this note    owned this note      
Published Linked with GitHub
Subscribed
  • Any changes
    Be notified of any changes
  • Mention me
    Be notified of mention me
  • Unsubscribe
Subscribe
###### tags: `iron man` # Day21 Box-model ## Box model box-model是CSS的基礎概念。我們在HTML檔中寫入很多元素,在瀏覽器渲染時,我們可以在畫面上看到一個個區域,個別裝著不同的內容,這個矩形區域是每個元素所產生的element box(元素盒),而box是由下列部分組成的: ![](https://i.imgur.com/1IMjdOj.png) - `content area`(內容區域) 元素的內容會放在這個區域,像是文字、圖片、子元素。content area的範圍通常是元素的寬高值,或是由內容來撐開的範圍。 - 內容撐開的範圍(邊框內的區域就是content area) ```css span { border: 1px solid #000; } ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/svgq7jV.png) - 寬高值撐開的範圍 ```css div { width: 300px; height: 100px; border: 1px solid #000; } ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/ONroid9.png) >inline元素content area的無法用設定寬與高,只能用內容來撐出範圍 ; block元素的content area除了內容會撐開範圍,也可以用寬高來設定範圍。 - `padding`(內距) padding通常用來撐出元素內部空間,可以透過屬性聲明內距,如果padding的數值是0的話,那padding box的大小就是會content area的大小。 padding又可以拆解成padding-top、padding-right、padding-bottom、padding-left。 ```css span { border: 1px solid #000; padding: 30px; } ``` 用開發者介面來看,就可以看到綠色區域是padding的範圍。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/6USsGio.png) - `border`(邊框) 可以透過border屬性設定樣式,如果border的數值是0,那border box的大小就是會padding box的大小。 border也可以拆解成上下左右來聲明樣式。 可以看[CSS基本樣式-border&outline](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10224613)了解樣式聲明。 - `margin`(邊界範圍) margin通常用來當元素與元素之間的距離,所以也常稱它為外邊距。它也可以拆解成上下左右來聲明外距。 >先前我們提過html就是由block元素跟inline元素來結構內容,block元素會佔滿父元素的寬度,垂直排列 ; inline元素會不佔滿寬度水平排列,直到寬度撐不下去才換到下一行。 - block元素的margin: ```css div { width: 300px; height: 50px; padding: 30px; border: 1px solid #000; margin: 30px; } ``` 橘色的區域是margin,上下左各是30px,可是怪怪的,為什麼右邊不是30px?這是因為`<div>`是block element,所以在box生成的當下,它就會佔滿父元素的寬度,而block元素的的水平margin則是扣掉content area、padding、border寬度後,剩下的寬度都會被margin撐滿。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZLQ5yg7.png) - inline元素的margin: ```css span { border: 1px solid #000; margin: 30px; } ``` 橘色的區域是margin,雖然我們對元素四周都設了`margin:30px`,但垂直方向的margin值對inline是無效的,水平方向有margin值,並且不會佔滿整個寬度。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Bu1ehLc.png) - `outline`(輪廓)輪廓不佔空間,所以也常常不被算在box組成之一。 上一篇有說到outline的樣式跟border很像,可是它不佔空間,不管它的outline-width有多大,都不會被計算在元素所佔的空間裡。 outline無法拆解成上下左右聲明樣式。 可以看[CSS基本樣式-border&outline](https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10224613)了解樣式聲明。 - 關於outline不佔空間這件事,我們可以來驗證看看: - 我們把兩個box的寬設40%,padding-left設5%,margin-left設5%。 ```css div { width: 40%; padding-left: 5%; margin-left: 5%; } ``` 計算兩個box所佔的空間 `40%*2+5%*2+5%*2=100%。兩個box所佔的空間剛好是100%,剛好佔滿父元素的寬度。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/TaaOHWI.png) ```css div { width: 40%; padding-left: 5%; margin-left: 5%; border: 10px solid #000; } ``` 如果同樣條件,再加個`border:10px`進去。就會超過100%,第二個元素被擠到下面去。 ```css div { width: 40%; padding-left: 5%; margin-left: 5%; outline: 10px solid #000; } ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/SPxts6b.png) 但把border換成outline,它的10px不會佔到空間,所以兩個box的寬度仍然是100%,不會有元素被擠到下面。 ```css div { width: 40%; padding-left: 5%; margin-left: 5%; border: 10px solid #000; } ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/GsGC8gI.png) CSS的box model筆記告一段落,這個概念在切版上很常遇到。接下來會在講跟box model也有關的box-sizing跟margin collapse,那就明天見~ *有任何錯誤或描述不夠精準之處,歡迎指教,非常感謝。

Import from clipboard

Paste your markdown or webpage here...

Advanced permission required

Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

This team is disabled

Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

This note is locked

Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

Reach the limit

Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

Import from Gist

Import from Snippet

or

Export to Snippet

Are you sure?

Do you really want to delete this note?
All users will lose their connection.

Create a note from template

Create a note from template

Oops...
This template has been removed or transferred.
Upgrade
All
  • All
  • Team
No template.

Create a template

Upgrade

Delete template

Do you really want to delete this template?
Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

This page need refresh

You have an incompatible client version.
Refresh to update.
New version available!
See releases notes here
Refresh to enjoy new features.
Your user state has changed.
Refresh to load new user state.

Sign in

Forgot password

or

By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
Wallet ( )
Connect another wallet

New to HackMD? Sign up

Help

  • English
  • 中文
  • Français
  • Deutsch
  • 日本語
  • Español
  • Català
  • Ελληνικά
  • Português
  • italiano
  • Türkçe
  • Русский
  • Nederlands
  • hrvatski jezik
  • język polski
  • Українська
  • हिन्दी
  • svenska
  • Esperanto
  • dansk

Documents

Help & Tutorial

How to use Book mode

Slide Example

API Docs

Edit in VSCode

Install browser extension

Contacts

Feedback

Discord

Send us email

Resources

Releases

Pricing

Blog

Policy

Terms

Privacy

Cheatsheet

Syntax Example Reference
# Header Header 基本排版
- Unordered List
  • Unordered List
1. Ordered List
  1. Ordered List
- [ ] Todo List
  • Todo List
> Blockquote
Blockquote
**Bold font** Bold font
*Italics font* Italics font
~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
19^th^ 19th
H~2~O H2O
++Inserted text++ Inserted text
==Marked text== Marked text
[link text](https:// "title") Link
![image alt](https:// "title") Image
`Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
```javascript
var i = 0;
```
var i = 0;
:smile: :smile: Emoji list
{%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
$L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
:::info
This is a alert area.
:::

This is a alert area.

Versions and GitHub Sync
Get Full History Access

  • Edit version name
  • Delete

revision author avatar     named on  

More Less

Note content is identical to the latest version.
Compare
    Choose a version
    No search result
    Version not found
Sign in to link this note to GitHub
Learn more
This note is not linked with GitHub
 

Feedback

Submission failed, please try again

Thanks for your support.

On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

 

Thanks for your feedback

Remove version name

Do you want to remove this version name and description?

Transfer ownership

Transfer to
    Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

      Link with GitHub

      Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
      • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
      • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
      Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

      Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

        Authorize again
       

      Choose which file to push to

      Select repo
      Refresh Authorize more repos
      Select branch
      Select file
      Select branch
      Choose version(s) to push
      • Save a new version and push
      • Choose from existing versions
      Include title and tags
      Available push count

      Pull from GitHub

       
      File from GitHub
      File from HackMD

      GitHub Link Settings

      File linked

      Linked by
      File path
      Last synced branch
      Available push count

      Danger Zone

      Unlink
      You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

      Syncing

      Push failed

      Push successfully