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# Internship Notes By Sergii Levschanov
###### tags: `Internship`
_________________________
##### [<center>Root Page</center>](https://hackmd.io/FGOm_guNSBWglUguPLv0-w?view)
>Name: Sergii Levschanov
>E-mail: [e-mail]
>HackMD: SergiiL
>Target Topic: OSC
_________________________

### Pre-Internship
Week 1. 09-13.05.22:
Background of O-RAN
===
_________________________
- Foundation: Introduction to O-RAN, part1 ([2022/05/09](https://hackmd.io/FLz2K2wYQ8qWI2H-N4bhAw?view=))
- part 2 ([2022/05/09](https://youtu.be/-fVHO_WCGF8)) and its components
- Structure: Technical architecture, part 1 ([2022/05/10](https://hackmd.io/McIeIBnWRz--6O9ioeB8GA?view=))
- part 2 ([2022/05/11](https://docs.o-ran-sc.org/en/latest/))
- Practical use: O-RAN use cases, part 1 ([2022/05/12](https://hackmd.io/F1om7E_kTau4X3tbJ-mHqQ?view=))
- part 2 ([2022/05/13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otlUOgwitmU&t=2517s))

:::success
**Internship report**
- [x] Study the [background of O-RAN](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.01032.pdf) and the all components, including RIC.
- [x] Study [FlexRIC architecture](https://www.eurecom.fr/publication/6737/download/comsys-publi-6737.pdf).
- [x] Learn more about [O-RAN use cases](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ad774cce74940d7115044b0/t/5e95a0a306c6ab2d1cbca4d3/1586864301196/O-RAN+Use+Cases+and+Deployment+Scenarios+Whitepaper+February+2020.pdf) and xApps.
\
**What I have learned**

* An introduction to the background and architecture of O-RAN
* Basic understanding of O-RAN use cases, common xApps and service models
* Functionality and architecture
:::
### Week 2. 16-20.05.22:
FlexRIC Agent source code
===
_________________________
- FlexRIC:How it integrates with the all components ([2022/05/16](https://openairinterface.org/news/oai-integrates-o-ran-ric-with-its-5g-stack-and-showcases-monitoring-control-xapps/?view=))
- FlexRIC: Building using Gentoo Linux with the Portage package management system ([2022/05/17](https://hackmd.io/kogf4pRWTmSgk2jFMcwZ5g?view=))
- FlexRIC: Source code [structure](https://openairinterface.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Lab1.pdf) ([2022/05/18](https://hackmd.io/8q6b52TRQuCp-3caB2qS7Q?view=))
- FlexRIC: Agent implementation ([2022/05/19](https://hackmd.io/69m_bUtkR76kExxteiudfg?view=))
-- FlexRIC: Deep learning with webinar ([2022/05/20](https://youtu.be/juYvwoJno-k))

:::success
**Goals**
- [x] Explore about integration with the all system.
- [x] Created FlexRIC.
- [x] Discovered FlexRIC system architecture.
- [x] Deep learning in FlexRIC Agent options [implemented in each file](https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/mosaic5g/flexric/-/tree/master/src/agent).

\
**What I have learned**
* Incresat my knowledge & skills in FlexRIC.
* How to crearte algorithms.
* FlexRIC modules & code.
* Understanding of files structure.
:::
The Internship
===
_________________________
FAPI, nFAPI and Functional Split's
===
_________________________
### 3st week:
- [2022/06/24](https://hackmd.io/kK9RH9I-QzGJ36_IxWSgBw?view): The white paper of the O-RAN and the practical advantages of the O-RAN compare to C-RAN
- [2022/06/27](https://hackmd.io/8DKr1CxTRne_lcRrD_GPpQ?view) : The main features of the FlexRIC SDK with a structure
- [2022/06/28](https://hackmd.io/oIMdT0XISc65NYszfhXfaw): Introducing of O-DU High, FAPI, O-DU Low (WG8) and their roles in the O-RAN
- [2022/06/29](https://hackmd.io/Kbr7FV6DQbuPlMETKJWRYQ?view): Deep dive to the Functional Split
- [2022/06/30](https://hackmd.io/vU46IevzSA-VobWx7Jmrkw?view): Fronthaul interface and functional split for FAPI. Small Cell Forum.
- [2022/07/01](https://hackmd.io/3W9LZYMDRZuaac-Hny-_aA?view): FAPI interface and nFAPI interface. What is different between them.
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [Explore the white paper of the O-RAN and the practical advantages of the O-RAN compare to C-RAN](https://rimedolabs.com/blog/the-oran-whitepaper-2022-ran-intelligent-controller/)
- [x] [Clear understanding of the FlexRIC SDK](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3485983.3494870)
- [x] [Discovered of O-DU High, FAPI, O-DU Low](https://docs.o-ran-sc.org/projects/o-ran-sc-o-du-l2/en/latest/overview.html)
- [x] [I am an expert in Functional Split's](https://hackmd.io/RhU6W1b3SNmwkeC7Os4rUg)
- [x] [Deep understanding of the FAPI interface and nFAPI interface](https://hackmd.io/6T27vVbpTrq07y0KFu_AsQ?view)

\
**What I have learned**
* Incresed my understanding of Open-RAN.
* How to use Functional Split's.
* The main fetures of FlexRIC, O-DU High, FAPI, and O-DU Low.
* Understanding of the FAPI interface and nFAPI interface.
:::
O-DU High & L2 Simulator Framework
===
_________________________
### 4st week:
- [2022/07/04](https://hackmd.io/8d2xR8thT7GNXsu2Ti2obw?view): Deep understanding of the OSC’s O-DU High. O-DU High instalation. O-DU High Test.
- [2022/07/05](https://hackmd.io/I7r_OGE4R_aAdHWYDXDTyA?view): Summarized my previous progress in more shother description.
- [2022/07/06](https://hackmd.io/uzT5nyQxRA2sgeuXw8QkoQ?view): Deep dive into architecture of OAI gNB.Introduction in L2 Simulator Framework.OAI UE used for the test.
- [2022/07/07](https://hackmd.io/I7r_OGE4R_aAdHWYDXDTyA?view): Practical installation and testing of L2 simulator.
- [2022/07/08](https://hackmd.io/-taIqZ0hSN2m8wdSWmjp3w?view): Summarized and illustrated the all my recently goals in the
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [Theory of O-DU High instalation](https://hackmd.io/0pPkSfkWSHus1mb2gWfxKg?view)
- [x] [Theory of O-DU High Test](https://hackmd.io/0pPkSfkWSHus1mb2gWfxKg?view)
- [x] [Introduction in L2 Simulator Framework](https://hackmd.io/I7r_OGE4R_aAdHWYDXDTyA?view)

\
**What I have learned**
* Deep understanding of the OSC’s O-DU High.
* Architecture of open-source software-based implementation (OAI) of 3GPP.
* L2 Simulator Framework.
:::

### 5st week:
O-RAN Training Course & O-DU High exploring files system
===
_________________________
- [2022/07/11](https://hackmd.io/QIHlxfIxSx2jIue7HyV9dw?view): Install software which comfortable to work for source code mapping.Clone O-DU High, OAI, and L2 Simulator Proxy code.PowerPoint presentation.
- [2022/07/12](https://hackmd.io/Vbl3WcLWQ3iy2LKrt0NH8Q?view): Progress presentation more shorter version.
- [2022/07/13](https://hackmd.io/SD4zqKD2QEuEUKhH3Nwc5Q?view): O-RAN Training Course with details(webinar).
- [2022/07/14](https://hackmd.io/xaa-umnwRpqtzIGunuAGvg?view): O-RAN Training Course with details(webinar).Part 2.
- [2022/07/15](https://hackmd.io/D8l79SGXQeOL6qFJkdvNqg?view): O-DU High. Working with libraries. Exploring files system.
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [Created background for practical tests](https://hackmd.io/QIHlxfIxSx2jIue7HyV9dw?view)
- [x] [Increased my overview about O-Ran with training courses](https://hackmd.io/SD4zqKD2QEuEUKhH3Nwc5Q?view)
- [x] [Finished my presentation for the last weeks](https://hackmd.io/Vbl3WcLWQ3iy2LKrt0NH8Q?view)

\
**What I have learned**
* From the training course, I learned about different parts of the O-Ran project with more details.
* How to create a presentation with clear sence and shorter way.
:::
O-DU installation and test
===
_________________________
- [2022/07/18](https://hackmd.io/TF9pxCATQWaC4Vv4wEimfw?view): New daily strategy which will help me to achieve my goals in more shorter term.
- [2022/07/19](https://hackmd.io/K740oP50S7WkTf8WJdmSog?view): Current result with O-DU intallation.
- [2022/07/20](https://hackmd.io/qgTqKsgATzukHI1_5CZOuQ?view): Finished with O-DU intallation and test.
- [2022/07/21](https://hackmd.io/DIyre4JfTuu-0Yev4hipdQ?view): Advantages of O-RAN.
- [2022/07/22](https://hackmd.io/Tk_9eueDRoOTctoNfqrK_Q?view): O-DU emulator.
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [Figured it out how arrange my working hours](https://hackmd.io/TF9pxCATQWaC4Vv4wEimfw?view)
- [x] [Found mistakes in the technical documentation and task manuals](https://hackmd.io/K740oP50S7WkTf8WJdmSog?view)
- [x] [Finished O-DU installation](https://hackmd.io/qgTqKsgATzukHI1_5CZOuQ?view)
\
**What I have learned**
* How to work\study more effective and faster.
* How to install O-DU.
* How to test a technical documentation and task manuals.
:::
Testing OAI with proxy and without proxy
===
_________________________
- [2022/07/25](https://hackmd.io/F9OVWV4ySpqRhp7NtLSldQ?view): Conformance and Interoperability Testing
- [2022/07/26](https://hackmd.io/TF9pxCATQWaC4Vv4wEimfw?view): Build test case and tests Run ric_stub, cu_stub, odu together. Finished the 1st task on 100%
- [2022/07/27](https://hackmd.io/YUrORQNQS3W9aKsOKYicPQ): Build OAI & Proxy;
- [2022/07/28](https://hackmd.io/LjBzjAGTTMaoYmGJgpXIZg?view): OAI.L2 simulator. OAI 5G Multi UE Proxy
- [2022/07/29](https://hackmd.io/AqS4Hs-_TRqjW5Uk5wzq7A?view): Conclusion from the both tasks
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [I successfuly tested O-DU High](https://hackmd.io/TF9pxCATQWaC4Vv4wEimfw?view)
- [x] [I runned OAI with proxy](https://hackmd.io/YUrORQNQS3W9aKsOKYicPQ)
- [x] [I runned OAI without proxy](https://hackmd.io/Z-nHBG-4S42jn9AAHUT8iA?view)
\
**What I have learned**
* How to test O-DU High.
* How to run OAI with proxy.
* How to run OAI without proxy.
:::
Background of OAI DU and test OAI DU with SA
===
_________________________
- [2022/08/01](https://hackmd.io/BBjo-7LkR7CemiDv3TzUHA?view): Explored background information. Drew a scetch OAI gNB (CU/DU mode) vs O-RAN gNB.
- [2022/08/02](https://hackmd.io/Vwc_SUKURfmyXNAuWGoY6g?view): OAI gNB vs O-RAN gNB explanation .OAI DU. Parts of OAI DU. Interfaces which OAI DU relates.1st stage SA: OAI DU & CU .
- [2022/08/03](https://hackmd.io/CESRvDnQS1uTPtT1BjoXLw?view): SA: OAI DU & CU 90%.
- [2022/08/04](https://hackmd.io/UeyEfDnORPO0XbOw4Dpq5Q?view): Finished SA: OAI DU & CU. [Begin with "Based on OAI repository, which folders are related to OAI DU?"](https://hackmd.io/ZYLnTxjbRqm11sIHpHqRSg?view)
- [2022/08/05](https://hackmd.io/ZYLnTxjbRqm11sIHpHqRSg?view): Folders are related to OAI DU
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [Figured it out the differences between OAI gNB (CU/DU mode) & O-RAN gNB](https://hackmd.io/olrot9N7Qj2rv0TdFZfCQQ?view)
- [x] [Successfuly tested OAI DU using SA](https://hackmd.io/UeyEfDnORPO0XbOw4Dpq5Q?view)
- [x] [Explored OAI open labarotory](https://hackmd.io/ZYLnTxjbRqm11sIHpHqRSg?view)
\
**What I have learned**
* Foundation knowledge of OAI DU.
* How to test OAI DU with SA.
* New approach to explore an information in repository.
:::
Made a table of sub folder
===
_________________________
- [2022/08/08](https://hackmd.io/TKDW-jHLRImxT-y1CHMj1A?view): Started a table of sub folder
- [2022/08/09](https://hackmd.io/Pc0NalKbQJmn6pBxSG-XLQ?view): Continue to making a table of sub folder
- [2022/08/10](https://hackmd.io/fRl3cHNBRgG9DCj_NgBQoA): Continue with the table of sub folder's. Webinar about OAI.
- [2022/08/11](https://hackmd.io/tUjnQWSjQOGV08th8gU-Uw?view): In OpenAir2 directory. List all source code related to OAI DU and made a brief in table on what they do.
- [2022/08/12](https://hackmd.io/TFRmIkxmS565ozUxCFLApQ?view): I found in the source code what function called the log.
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [Listed the all source code related to OAI DU](https://hackmd.io/tUjnQWSjQOGV08th8gU-Uw?view)
- [x] [Found the source code with the Log function](https://hackmd.io/wJ8WtnBSSYuo7GAooDKRGg?view)
- [x] [Watched the webinar about OAI](https://hackmd.io/fRl3cHNBRgG9DCj_NgBQoA)
\
**What I have learned**
* What kind of source code uses/creates for OAI DU in an open international labratory.
* Which Log function source code content tests.
* Increased my knowledge about OAI DU with O-RAN webinar.
:::
F1 Setup Request
===
_________________________
- [2022/08/15](https://hackmd.io/R3xCgpmkT32i1qMc-WLVRg?view): Trace the OAI source code and use figures and flowchart to describe the following questions.
- [2022/08/16](https://hackmd.io/fvEhcFMsQk-DfgT8NTdJ_A?view):I finished with: The trace the OAI source code and use figures and flowchart to describe the following questions; - [I begun with](https://hackmd.io/oo9ImSBwR3mnx6f2fD7Dbg?view) F1 Setup Procedure betwen OAI DU and OAI CU
- [2022/08/17](https://hackmd.io/fvEhcFMsQk-DfgT8NTdJ_A?view):Fixed a some mistakes in my previous report;-[Started my intern presentation](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1aG4JHkcXnJkXmmxBJmhfLz1QZNmiBq7T/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109366638509638462838&rtpof=true&sd=true)
- [2022/08/18](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1aG4JHkcXnJkXmmxBJmhfLz1QZNmiBq7T/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109366638509638462838&rtpof=true&sd=true) Continue my intern presentation
- [2022/08/19](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1aG4JHkcXnJkXmmxBJmhfLz1QZNmiBq7T/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109366638509638462838&rtpof=true&sd=true) I finished the concept of my intern presentation
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [Explored about GNBSParams & nr-softmodem](https://hackmd.io/fvEhcFMsQk-DfgT8NTdJ_A?view)
- [x] [Found functions for F1AP](https://hackmd.io/oo9ImSBwR3mnx6f2fD7Dbg?view)
- [x] [ The concept of my intern presentation](https://hackmd.io/fRl3cHNBRgG9DCj_NgBQoA)
\
**What I have learned**
* About function triggers F1AP DU Task Received F1AP_SETUP_REQ.
* How does OAI DU generate F1 Setup Request message to be sent.
* How does OAI DU sent F1 Setup Request to OAI CU.
:::
Function MAC & NR MAC.The all stages of gNB CU Configuration Update.F1 Setup Procedure betwen OAI DU and OAI CU
===
_________________________
- [2022/08/22](https://hackmd.io/D6SHEynSTpS1yaSbDWY7Vg?view): My presentation in HackMD
- [2022/08/23](https://hackmd.io/D6SHEynSTpS1yaSbDWY7Vg?view): My presentation + addition topics
- [2022/08/24](https://hackmd.io/X87P7_wtSXGQJTNKaGKWvQ?view): F1 Setup Request
- [2022/08/25](https://hackmd.io/T_TSXlvmRL-GOgvQAHLx_A?view):gNB CU Configuration Update
- [2022/08/26](https://hackmd.io/_ERKtouNQ7G7oQck814_cg?view): MAC & NR MAC
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [I finished my presentation](https://hackmd.io/D6SHEynSTpS1yaSbDWY7Vg?view)
- [x] [I know what function is being called [MAC] and [NR_MAC] and the purpose of it.](https://hackmd.io/_ERKtouNQ7G7oQck814_cg?view)
- [x] [ I figured it out, how does OAI DU handle gNB CU Configuration Update](https://hackmd.io/-e9mMBBASzWRyc8tW0uLug?view)
\
**What I have learned**
* About function MAC & NR MAC.
* The all stages of gNB CU Configuration Update.
* How the F1 Setup Procedure betwen OAI DU and OAI CU works.
:::
RLC transmission modes & OAI in Research and Industrial Scenarios.How the 5G NR Modulation and Coding Scheme works.
===
_________________________
- [2022/08/29](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qPAX7WAzuB1he_CeA76-sWIW7mrJnrJ5/view?usp=sharing): My PPT presentation.
- [2022/08/30](https://hackmd.io/fJq5pwcnSBypbSr4RQscUw?view) RLC transmission modes
- [2022/08/31](https://hackmd.io/M8uyOo9jQliK4L296xphgw?view) Internship overview + Final presentation
- [2022/09/01](https://hackmd.io/1ECD9V75R06aEr8eZmexIg?view) 5G NR Modulation and Coding Scheme
- [2022/09/02](https://hackmd.io/FuwF6kgOQUu9EXn076gdXg?view) OAI in Research and Industrial Scenarios
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [I shows my presentation to the Professor](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qPAX7WAzuB1he_CeA76-sWIW7mrJnrJ5/view?usp=sharing)
- [x] [I made an internship overview ](https://hackmd.io/M8uyOo9jQliK4L296xphgw?view)
\
**What I have learned**
* About RLC transmission modes.
* The OAI in Research and Industrial Scenarios.
* How the 5G NR Modulation and Coding Scheme works.
:::
The Security Aspect of 5G Fronthaul.Transport Security Considerations for the Open-RAN Fronthaul.
===
_________________________
- [2022/09/05](https://hackmd.io/u3VfDtxYTaWkHjOnHAinwQ?view):Tests,requirement of security, and threats of the open fronthaul.
- [2022/09/06](https://hackmd.io/ThY8Dkr4Sqi-eztXfNAR-Q?view):The Security Aspect of 5G Fronthaul.
- [2022/09/07](https://hackmd.io/tDikjetoTc-EcHtFOp9wcA?view):Transport Security Considerations for the Open-RAN Fronthaul.
- [2022/09/08](https://hackmd.io/oWeFf4QCTfmf4q9r52lmnA?view):Timing and Transport in the 5G Fronthaul + Accelerating O-RAN fronthaul with DPDK - Shahaf Shuler & Dotan Levi, NVIDIA.
- [2022/09/09](https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/taiwan/mid-autumn-festival-holiday): Moon Festival celebration.
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [I explored about the Security Aspect of 5G Fronthaul.](https://hackmd.io/ThY8Dkr4Sqi-eztXfNAR-Q?view)
- [x] [I created the article which provides clear information about Transport Security Considerations for the Open-RAN Fronthaul](https://hackmd.io/TA-LfpyJQf6HFtEBHVOJbw?view)
\
**What I have learned**
* About tests,requirement of security, and threats of the open fronthaul.
* How does it works the Timing and Transport in the 5G Fronthaul.
* I learned the all aspects about the Transport Security Considerations for the Open-RAN Fronthaul.
:::
Accelerating O-RAN fronthaul with DPDK.Packet Journey.Presentation.
===
_________________________
- [2022/09/12](https://hackmd.io/QQHe74zdQA-0FGZMC_txlw?view):Accelerating O-RAN fronthaul with DPDK - Shahaf Shuler & Dotan Levi, NVIDIA (additional article).
- [2022/09/13](https://hackmd.io/1c6xbMfETw2ezaNIUz4xSg?view):Checklist Page.
- [2022/09/14](https://hackmd.io/--9WcLXHRLy7ND31TiKPsg?view): Packet Journey.
- [2022/09/15](https://hackmd.io/SLN8yy2XTWGwKfVrYXFX7g?view): Presentation.
- [2022/09/16](https://hackmd.io/__M1GH_cRGioB1p6Kg56lg?view): Additional Checklist Page with a new page with combined link of action items.
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [My presentation](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IpoQcPQifkId5zBUl14L_AVSp80dDyp/view?usp=sharing)
- [x] [My Checklist Page](https://hackmd.io/1c6xbMfETw2ezaNIUz4xSg?view)
\
**What I have learned**
* About how to create a Checklist with a new page with combined link of action items.
* How does kernel bypass mechanisms directly transfer packets.
* I learned about an accurate packet timing synchronization.
:::
Decryption and encryption. Blockchain in 5G. Roaming architecture in the 5G.5G network slices.Hackware and 5G.
===
_________________________
- [2022/09/19](https://hackmd.io/ibUNZ9nrRRKVi9tcgnMGjw?view): A new approach to attack users of the wireless network.
- [2022/09/20](https://hackmd.io/LKFIQnCES2S16El9IjZYjA?view): Decryption and encryption in 5G.
- [2022/09/21](https://hackmd.io/lMnrQ__8Rj6mYd9OXnSp_g?view): Blockchain in 5G.
- [2022/09/22](https://hackmd.io/pv8l8BdqQ7uJ9yMlQ6vSFw?view): Roaming architecture in the 5G.
- [2022/09/23](https://hackmd.io/eaHSplClRduZmF8FwssJ7Q?view): 5G network slices.
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [Blockchain in 5G](https://hackmd.io/lMnrQ__8Rj6mYd9OXnSp_g?view)
- [x] [Roaming architecture in the 5G](https://hackmd.io/pv8l8BdqQ7uJ9yMlQ6vSFw?view)
\
**What I have learned**
* I learned about how to work 5G network slices.
* How does hackware attacks wireless network.
* About a decryption and encryption in 5G.
:::
5G and Cloud. 5G standartization. 5G base station architecture. 5G plus and cons. 5G technology.
===
_________________________
- [2022/09/26](https://hackmd.io/ppL0aXsaRBy31pVtS1XAQA?view): 5G and Cloud.
- [2022/09/27](https://hackmd.io/TZzbC-_HR0CjXCbjflNYtg?view): 5G standartization.
- [2022/09/28](https://hackmd.io/9p_TnMabQ1Kr4l2YGqDoYw?view): What is 5G base station architecture?
- [2022/09/29](https://hackmd.io/lmAc354nS3WCihkF8F1aMw?view): 5G plus and cons.
- [2022/09/30](https://hackmd.io/t56zaL7gRwKEmkqcly62Rg): 5G technology.
:::success
**Goals**
- [x] [5G base station architecture](https://5g.systemsapproach.org/arch.html)
- [x] [5G and Cloud](https://education.dellemc.com/content/dam/dell-emc/documents/en-us/2020KS_Gloukhovtsev_How_5G_Transforms_Cloud_Computing.pdf)
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**What I have learned**
* I learned about 5G standartization.
* How does 5G technology developing.
* About a plus and cons of 5G.
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