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# 針對虛擬機一次的分析 ![](https://i.imgur.com/rC1xWGB.png) 可能是我的問題,或者是編譯器的問題 , 或者組譯器問題 或者 虛擬機問題 在目前來說我發現在 cpu0 這個程式,我的input 是 ```C sum = 0; for (i=0; i<=10; i++) { sum = sum + i; } return sum; ``` 我拿去run 裡面的虛擬機 cpu.h? 好像會無窮迴圈我把暫存器印出來 發現裡面呼叫 define 裡面的值並沒有完成設值 ![](https://i.imgur.com/74BLH8U.png) 也就是根本沒有 對暫存器做存入的動作 我嘗試修改了這個方法,可能是編譯的環境不一樣? # LoadInt32 test ``` void LoadInt32void(int *p , BYTE *m) { BYTE tmp[10]; strcpy(tmp,m); *p= (INT32) (tmp[0]<<24|tmp[1]<<16|tmp[2]<<8|tmp[3]); printf("ldi ra ex2:%d\n", (INT32) (tmp[0]<<24|tmp[1]<<16|tmp[2]<<8|tmp[3])); }; case OP_LD : { //This is an empty staxxtement. // LoadInt32(i, m, addr) BYTE *tmp=&m[caddr]; // R[ra]=(INT32)(m[0]<<24|m[1]<<16|m[2]<<8|m[3]); printf("ld ra ex:%p\n",&R[ra]) ; printf("ld ra ex:%p\n", m[caddr]) ; printf("ld ra ex:%x\n", (m[0]<<24|m[1]<<16|m[2]<<8|m[3])) ; printf("ld ra ex:%d\n", (INT32) (m[0]<<24|m[1]<<16|m[2]<<8|m[3])) ; LoadInt32void(&R[ra],&m[caddr]); ``` # 經過了一段時間 ![](https://i.imgur.com/RVw8tGl.png) 這邊可以看到我們的暫存器,都一直處於空的狀態 我從指令及的asm 了解到 在 LD 和 LDI 在 LD 和 LDI 這邊怎麼吃不到 變數的值呢 首先我懷疑了 LoadInt32 和 StoreInt32 這兩個函數 是在 解析 從 變數中加載 數值 另一個 我以為 Define 出錯 ,最後一路追回我們的 Assembler ```C #include "Cpu0.h" void runObjFile(char *objFile) { // 虛擬機器主函數 printf("===VM0:run %s on CPU0===\n", objFile); Cpu0 *cpu0 = Cpu0New(objFile); // 建立CPU0物件 Cpu0Run(cpu0, 0); // 開始執行 Cpu0Dump(cpu0); // 傾印暫存器 Cpu0Free(cpu0); // 釋放記憶體 } Cpu0* Cpu0New(char *objFile) { // 建立 CPU0 物件 Cpu0 *cpu0=ObjNew(Cpu0, 1); // 分配 CPU0 物件空間 cpu0->m = newFileBytes(objFile, &cpu0->mSize); // 載入映像檔 objFile 到記憶體 m 中 return cpu0; } void Cpu0Free(Cpu0 *cpu0) { // 刪除 CPU0 物件 freeMemory(cpu0->m); // 釋放 CPU0 的 memory ObjFree(cpu0); // 釋放 CPU0 物件 } #define bits(i, from, to) ((UINT32) i << (31-to) >> (31-to+from)) // 取得 from 到 to 之間的位元 #define ROR(i, k) (((UINT32)i>>k)|(bits(i,32-k, 31)<<(32-k)))// 向右旋轉k位元 #define ROL(i, k) (((UINT32)i<<k)|(bits(i,0,k-1)<<(32-k))) // 向左旋轉k位元 #define SHR(i, k) ((UINT32)i>>k) // 向右移位k位元 #define SHL(i, k) ((UINT32)i<<k) // 向左移位k位元 #define bytesToInt32(p) (INT32)(p[0]<<24|p[1]<<16|p[2]<<8|p[3])// 4 byte轉 int #define bytesToInt16(p) (INT16)(p[0]<<8|p[1]) // 2 byte轉 INT16 #define int32ToBytes(i, bp) { bp[0]=i>>24; bp[1]=i>>16; bp[2]=i>>8; bp[3]=i;} // int轉為4 byte #define StoreInt32(i, m, addr) { BYTE *p=&m[addr]; int32ToBytes(i, p); } // i=m[addr…addr+3] #define LoadInt32(i, m, addr) { BYTE *p=&m[addr]; i=bytesToInt32(p) ; printf("dld ra ex:%x\n",&i) ; } // m[addr..addr+3]=i #define StoreByte(b, m, addr) { m[addr] = (BYTE) b; } // m[addr]=b #define LoadByte(b, m, addr) { b = m[addr]; } // b=m[addr] #define PC R[15] // PC is R[15] #define LR R[14] // LR is R[14] #define SP R[13] // SP is R[13] #define SW R[12] // SW is R[12] void LoadInt32void(int *p , BYTE *m) { BYTE tmp[3]; strcpy(tmp,m); *p= bytesToInt32(tmp); printf("ldi ra ex2:%d\n",bytesToInt32(tmp)); // *p= (INT32) (tmp[0]<<24|tmp[1]<<16|tmp[2]<<8|tmp[3]); // printf("ldi ra ex2:%d\n", (INT32) (tmp[0]<<24|tmp[1]<<16|tmp[2]<<8|tmp[3])); }; void StoreInt32void(int *p , BYTE *m) { BYTE tmp[3]; strcpy(tmp,m); int32ToBytes( *p,tmp); }; void Cpu0Run(Cpu0 *cpu0, int start) { // 虛擬機器的主要執行函數 char buffer[200]; unsigned int IR, op, ra, rb, rc, cc; int c5, c12, c16, c24, caddr, raddr; unsigned int N, Z; BYTE *m=cpu0->m; int *R=cpu0->R; PC = start; // 設定起始位址,準備開始執行 LR = -1; BOOL stop = FALSE; int testi=0; while (!stop) { // 如果尚未結束 printf("time: %d\n",testi) ; testi+=1; R[0] = 0; // R[0] 永遠為 0 // LoadInt32(IR, m, PC); // 指令擷取,IR=[PC..PC+3] LoadInt32void(&IR ,&m[PC]) ; cpu0->IR = IR; // 取得指令暫存器 PC += 4; // 擷取完將 PC 加 4,指向下一個指令 op = bits(IR, 24, 31); // 取得 op 欄位,IR[24..31] printf("op:%d\n",op) ; ra = bits(IR, 20, 23); // 取得 ra 欄位,IR[20..23] rb = bits(IR, 16, 19); // 取得 rb 欄位,IR[16..19] rc = bits(IR, 12, 15); // 取得 rc 欄位,IR[12..15] c5 = bits(IR, 0, 4); // 取得 5 位元的 cx c12= bits(IR, 0, 11); // 取得 12 位元的 cx c16= bits(IR, 0, 15); // 取得 16 位元的 cx c24= bits(IR, 0, 23); // 取得 24 位元的 cx N = bits(SW, 31, 31); Z = bits(SW, 30, 30); if (bits(IR, 11, 11)!=0) c12 |= 0xFFFFF000; // 若 cx 為負數,則調整為2補數格式 if (bits(IR, 15, 15)!=0) c16 |= 0xFFFF0000; // 若 cx 為負數,則調整為2補數格式 if (bits(IR, 23, 23)!=0) c24 |= 0xFF000000; // 若 cx 為負數,則調整為2補數格式 caddr = R[rb]+c16; // 取得位址[Rb+cx] raddr = R[rb]+R[rc]; // 取得位址[Rb+Rc] switch (op) { // 根據op執行動作 case OP_LD : { //This is an empty staxxtement. // LoadInt32(i, m, addr) //BYTE *tmp=&m[caddr]; // R[ra]=(INT32)(m[0]<<24|m[1]<<16|m[2]<<8|m[3]); // printf("ld ra ex:%p\n",&R[ra]) ; // printf("ld ra ex:%p\n", m[caddr]) ; // printf("ld ra ex:%x\n", (m[0]<<24|m[1]<<16|m[2]<<8|m[3])) ; // printf("ld ra ex:%d\n", (INT32) (m[0]<<24|m[1]<<16|m[2]<<8|m[3])) ; LoadInt32void(&R[ra],&m[caddr]); // LoadInt32(R[ra], m, caddr); // printf("ld ra ex:%x\n", R[ra]) ; // BYTE *p=&m[caddr]; // BYTE *x=&m[caddr]; // printf("轉換後address%s\n",x[0]); // R[ra]=(INT32)(p[0]<<24 | p[1]<<16 | p[2]<<8 | p[3]); // printf("轉換後%x\n",(INT32)(p[0]<<24|p[1]<<16|p[2]<<8|p[3])); // printf("\nld ra tmp id:%d\n",ra) ; // printf("ld ra :%x\n",(INT32)(x[0]<<24|x[1]<<16|x[2]<<8|x[3])) ; // printf("ld ra :%x\n",caddr) ; // printf("ld ra ex:%x\n",R[ra]) ; } break; // 處理 LD 指令 case OP_ST :// StoreInt32(R[ra], m, caddr); { StoreInt32void(&R[ra],&m[caddr]); }break; // 處理 ST 指令 case OP_LDB: LoadByte(R[ra], m, caddr); break; // 處理 LDB 指令 case OP_STB: StoreByte(R[ra], m, caddr); break; // 處理 STB 指令 case OP_LDR:{ //LoadInt32(R[ra], m, raddr); LoadInt32void(&R[ra],&m[raddr]); } break; // 處理 LDR 指令 case OP_STR:{ //StoreInt32(R[ra], m, raddr); StoreInt32void(&R[ra],&m[raddr]); } break; // 處理 STR 指令 case OP_LBR: LoadByte(R[ra], m, raddr); break; // 處理 LBR 指令 case OP_SBR: StoreByte(R[ra], m, raddr); break; // 處理 SBR 指令 case OP_LDI: R[ra] = c16; // byte b = c16; printf("c :%x\n",c16) ; // printf("ra id:%x\n",ra) ; // R[ra] = c16; printf("ra ex:%x\n",R[ra]) ; break; // 處理 LDI 指令 case OP_CMP: { // 處理CMP指令,根據比較結果,設定 N,Z 旗標 if (R[ra] > R[rb]) { // > : SW(N=0, Z=0) SW &= 0x3FFFFFFF; // N=0, Z=0 } else if (R[ra] < R[rb]) { // < : SW(N=1, Z=0, ....) SW |= 0x80000000; // N=1; SW &= 0xBFFFFFFF; // Z=0; } else { // = : SW(N=0, Z=1) SW &= 0x7FFFFFFF; // N=0; SW |= 0x40000000; // Z=1; } ra = 12; break; } case OP_MOV: R[ra] = R[rb]; break; // 處理MOV指令 case OP_ADD: R[ra] = R[rb] + R[rc]; break; // 處理ADD指令 case OP_SUB: R[ra] = R[rb] - R[rc]; break; // 處理SUB指令 case OP_MUL: R[ra] = R[rb] * R[rc]; break; // 處理MUL指令 case OP_DIV: R[ra] = R[rb] / R[rc]; break; // 處理DIV指令 case OP_AND: R[ra] = R[rb] & R[rc]; break; // 處理AND指令 case OP_OR: R[ra] = R[rb] | R[rc]; break; // 處理OR指令 case OP_XOR: R[ra] = R[rb] ^ R[rc]; break; // 處理XOR指令 case OP_ROL: R[ra] = ROL(R[rb],c5); break; // 處理ROL指令 case OP_ROR: R[ra] = ROR(R[rb],c5); break; // 處理ROR指令 case OP_SHL: R[ra] = SHL(R[rb],c5); break; // 處理SHL指令 case OP_SHR: R[ra] = SHR(R[rb],c5); break; // 處理SHR指令 case OP_JEQ: if (Z==1) PC += c24; break; // 處理JEQ指令 Z=1 case OP_JNE: if (Z==0) PC += c24; break; // 處理JNE指令 Z=0 case OP_JLT: if (N==1&&Z==0) PC += c24; break; // 處理JLT指令 NZ=10 case OP_JGT: if (N==0&&Z==0) PC += c24; break; // 處理JGT指令 NZ=00 case OP_JLE: // 處理JLE指令 NZ=10 or 01 if ((N==1&&Z==0)||(N==0&&Z==1)) PC+=c24; break; case OP_JGE: // 處理JGE指令 NZ=00 or 01 if ((N==0&&Z==0)||(N==0&&Z==1)) PC+=c24; break; case OP_JMP: PC+=c24; break; // 處理JMP指令 case OP_SWI: LR = PC; PC=c24; break; // 處理SWI指令 case OP_JSUB:LR = PC; PC+=c24; break; // 處理JSUB指令 case OP_RET: if (LR<0) stop=TRUE; else PC=LR; break; // 處理RET指令 case OP_PUSH:SP-=4; StoreInt32(R[ra], m, SP); break; // 處理PUSH指令 case OP_POP:{//LoadInt32(R[ra], m, SP); LoadInt32void(&R[ra],&m[SP]); SP+=4; } break; // 處理POP指令 case OP_PUSHB:SP--; StoreByte(R[ra], m, SP); break; // 處理PUSH指令 case OP_POPB:LoadByte(R[ra], m, SP); SP++; break; // 處理POPB指令 default: printf("Error:invalid op (%02x) ", op); // Cpu0Dump(cpu0); } sprintf(buffer, "PC=%08x IR=%08x SW=%08x R[%02d]=0x%08x=%d\n", // 印出 PC, IR, R[ra]暫存器的值,以利觀察 PC, IR, SW, ra, R[ra],R[ra]); // Cpu0Dump(cpu0); // 傾印暫存器 strToUpper(buffer); printf(buffer); } } void Cpu0Dump(Cpu0 *cpu0) { // 印出所有暫存器 printf("\n===CPU0 dump registers===\n"); printf("IR =0x%08x=%d\n", cpu0->IR, cpu0->IR); // 印出 IR int i; for (i=0; i<16; i++) // 印出 R0..R15 printf("R[%02d]=0x%08x=%d\n",i,cpu0->R[i],cpu0->R[i]); } ``` # Assembler 追到這邊還不能確定我們的 cpu 有沒有錯 簡化分析 ```C sum = 10; return sum; ``` 我們做最簡化的帶入數值給 sum 原本程式碼 ```C case 'L' : sscanf(args, "R%d %s", &ra, p2); if (strHead(p2, "[")) { sscanf(p2, "[R%d+%s]", &rb, pt); if (sscanf(pt, "R%d", &rc)<=0) sscanf(pt, "%d", &cx); } else if (sscanf(p2, "%d", &cx)>0) { } else { AsmCode *labelCode = HashTableGet(a->symTable, p2); cx = labelCode->address - pc; rb = 15; // R[15] is PC } sprintf(cxCode, "%8x", cx); sprintf(objCode, "%2x%x%x%s", code->opCode, ra, rb, &cxCode[4]); break; ``` 修改後,應該只是應急的方式不過我們的 ASM 確實可以讀的到值, ```C case 'L' : sscanf(args, "R%d %s", &ra, p2); int p23= atoi(p2); // printf("%d\n",p23) ; if (strHead(p2, "[")) { sscanf(p2, "[R%d+%s]", &rb, pt); if (sscanf(pt, "R%d", &rc)<=0) sscanf(pt, "%d", &cx); } else { AsmCode *labelCode = HashTableGet(a->symTable, p2); cx = labelCode->address - pc; rb = 15; // R[15] is PC } if (p23 >=0 && cx == 0){ sscanf(p2, "%d", &cx); printf("%d\n",p23) ; } sprintf(cxCode, "%8x", cx); sprintf(objCode, "%2x%x%x%s", code->opCode, ra, rb, &cxCode[4]); break; case 'A' : ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/1jPBLJX.png) 可以發現我們的這邊 間接定址已經出來了。 那麼開始排除 CPU ,使用我們寫好的 CPU 去 RUN 我們的 OBJ 檔 ![](https://i.imgur.com/qPbCMmi.png) 可以發現 確實不是我們的 CPU 問題,那麼問題就是 在 ASM 產生 OBJ檔 無法 間接定址的問題。 我們用複雜一點的 ```C sum = 0; for (i=0; i<10; i++) { sum = sum +2; } return sum; ``` >BASH ROOT@ /c0c test.c0 test.asm >=====AsmFile:test.asm====== LDI R1 0 ST R1 sum LDI R1 0 ST R1 i FOR0: LD R1 i LDI R2 10 CMP R1 R2 JGE _FOR0 LD R1 sum LDI R2 2 ADD R3 R1 R2 ST R3 T0 LD R1 T0 ST R1 sum LD R1 i LDI R2 1 ADD R3 R1 R2 ST R3 i JMP FOR0 _FOR0: LD R1 sum RET sum: RESW 1 i: RESW 1 T0: RESW 1 BASH ROOT@ /as0 test.asm test.obj =============PASS2============== 0 0000 LDI R1 0 L 8 08100000 0004 ST R1 SUM L 1 011F004C 0 0008 LDI R1 0 L 8 08100000 000C ST R1 I L 1 011F0048 0010 FOR0: FF 0010 LD R1 I L 0 001F0044 10 0014 LDI R2 10 L 8 0820000A 0018 CMP R1 R2 A 10 10120000 001C JGE _FOR0 J 25 2500002C 0020 LD R1 SUM L 0 001F0030 2 0024 LDI R2 2 L 8 08200002 0028 ADD R3 R1 R2 A 13 13312000 0 002C ST R3 T0 L 1 01300000 0 0030 LD R1 T0 L 0 00100000 0034 ST R1 SUM L 1 011F001C 0038 LD R1 I L 0 001F001C 1 003C LDI R2 1 L 8 08200001 0040 ADD R3 R1 R2 A 13 13312000 0044 ST R3 I L 1 013F0010 0048 JMP FOR0 J 26 26FFFFC4 004C _FOR0: FF 004C LD R1 SUM L 0 001F0004 0050 RET J 2C 2C000000 0054 SUM: RESW 1 D F0 00000000 0058 I: RESW 1 D F0 00000000 005C T0: RESW 1 D F0 00000000 BASH ROOT@ /vm0 test.obj ===CPU0 dump registers=== IR =0x2c000000=738197504 R[00]=0x00000000=0 R[01]=0x00000014=20 R[02]=0x0000000a=10 R[03]=0x0000000a=10 R[04]=0x00000000=0 R[05]=0x00000000=0 R[06]=0x00000000=0 R[07]=0x00000000=0 R[08]=0x00000000=0 R[09]=0x00000000=0 R[10]=0x00000000=0 R[11]=0x00000000=0 R[12]=0x40000000=1073741824 R[13]=0x00000000=0 R[14]=0xffffffff=-1 > ![](https://i.imgur.com/S3ti193.png) 可以看到我們的 CPU 正常 WORK ,看來解決了書中 10 年前的 BUG ?XD 還是那時候編譯環境還可以正確運行也說不定。

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