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    # 什麼是伺服器? 以下摘錄自 [維基百科](https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8) 一個管理資源並為使用者提供服務的電腦軟體,通常分為檔案伺服器(能讓使用者在其它電腦存取檔案),資料庫伺服器和應用程式伺服器。 執行以上軟體的電腦,或稱為網路主機(host)。 # 伺服器的三種型態 伺服器為系統核心(司令塔) 有三種應用型態: 1. 響應用戶端提出的要求並予以(==被動==)實行的型態 2. 伺服器本身==主動==發起處理程序的型態 3. 有效運用==高效能==的型態 ## 響應用戶端提出的要求並予以實行的型態 人們稱"主從模型"或"主從式架構",伺服器==被動執行==用戶端的處理程序。 可以列出三點特徵: 1. ==1台==伺服器==對多台==用戶端 2. 通常在伺服器與用戶端上會安裝共用軟體 3. 用戶端隨時會向伺服器上傳請求 :::success 代表案例: * 檔案伺服器 * 列印伺服器 * 郵件或網站伺服器 * 物聯網伺服器(當設備會隨時上傳數據時) ::: ## 伺服器本身主動發起處理程序的型態 在這種形態下,伺服器會命令或執行用戶端電腦和下游電腦的處理程序。 其特徵有: 1. ==1台==伺服器==對多台==用戶端 2. 不一定會安裝共用軟體 3. 由伺服端決定處理時程並予以執行 :::success 代表案例: * 運轉監測伺服器 * RPA伺服器 - <font size=1>機器人流程自動化(Robotic process automation)是以軟體機器人及人工智慧為基礎的業務流程自動化科技。 </font> * BPM系統伺服器 - <font size=1>[業務流程管理或商業流程管理(Business Process Management)](https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86)</font> * 物聯網伺服器(例如在呼叫物聯網設備時) ::: ## 有效運用高效能的型態 可以理解為==性能特化==的電腦 特徵如下: 1. 有伺服端與用戶端兩者結合,也有單獨伺服器的配置 2. 在伺服端獨自執行處理程序 3. 被期待具備個人電腦無法勝任的高效能 :::success 代表案例: * AI伺服器 * 大數據伺服器 ::: # 連接伺服器的裝置 * 用戶端 * 設備 ### 用戶端 現在==用戶端電腦==非常多樣,桌上型電腦、筆記型電腦、平板電腦、智慧型手機...等。 ### 設備 只要是可以==讓伺服器讀取並處理其內存數據==的都可以稱為設備,除了用戶端電腦外以下列出一些例子。 * 攝影鏡頭 * 麥克風 * 無人機 * 機器人 # 伺服器是爆發型還是持久型? 從應用軟體的角度來看,日常所需的系統大致可分為2種: * **著重輸出、輸入的系統** * 會迅速回傳輸入數據的處理結果 * like 網路上的路線導航 * 其反應很重要,會像快問快答般重視系統的==爆發力== * **著重統計或分析的系統** * 很重視對於個別輸入數據的統計與分析 * like 統計並分析各店輸入的銷售額 * 需一邊觀察整體數據的輸入狀況,一邊處理資料,故會要求系統的==持久力==

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