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    # 如何利用 OpenAPI 及 WebHooks 讓老舊的網路服務也可程式化 - 王慕羣 (Kewang) {%hackmd j86FNbMoRoeN4Xn0pg5ofw %} > 請從這裡開始 {%slideshare kewang/openapi-webhooks %} Open data: - 資料必須完整釋出 - 只能依照再製成本徵收適當的費用 - 最好是能提供網路下載 - 提供的資料格式必須是適用和可修改的 - 資料是初時必須採用允許資料的重新使用和散播的授權聲明 - 允許與其他資料混和使用 - 任何人都可用 - 不限制使用範圍 可互通性 interoperability Open Data -> OpenAPI 唐鳳的定義 自動發現 metadata包含可讀取內容 寫程式就搞定政府網站 機器可寫入 公務體系除非一開始就約定好相同結構的結構資料,不然很難做到跨機關界皆 公文、報稅不一定要用原本設計 新載具出現的時候可以連接到機器可寫的入口 公文系統: MSON, git, GPG key - [MSON](https://github.com/apiaryio/mson) DSL:對公文格式標準化 https://github.com/apiaryio/attributes-kit - git, GPG key:保證不被竄改 報稅系統: - Chrome Extension 強化報稅體驗 - OpenAPI 讓各家廠商深度整合自家系統 - 安全性要做處理 ## Open API 實作 把API作為Library使用 tw.kewang.cwb [https://kewang.github.io/cwb-lib-java/](https://kewang.github.io/cwb-lib-java/) - 申請API Key - 了解data schema - 回傳原始格式及易用格式 - 使用SemVer定義版號 - 使用GitHub管理 - 撰寫JavaDoc - 上傳到Maven Central 缺點: - 沒有API可用 - 需要為每個與元寫Library - vendor變更data schema時無法立刻得知 https://github.com/kewang/cwb-lib-java http://opendata.cwb.gov.tw/usages agent -> OpenData -> Server -> OpenAPI - agent定時取得OpenData並存在Server上 - server提供openAPI給使用者用 - 使用APIKEY管理 - 了解data schema - 規劃API版本 - 撰寫API文件 http://www.books.com.tw/products/CN11128893 優點 - APIKEY - 記錄使用量、來源 - 限制使用量、來源 - 不怕vendor變更data schema 缺點: 易被當成DDOS 無法完全即時更新 ## Internal API Internet API -> Adapter -> Open API 使用APIKEY 使用Adapter將OpenAPI及Internal API互轉 使用middle ware將APIkey轉回.... 撰寫API文件 優點 Adapter: Internal API及OpenAPI的request與response欄位不同,用Adapter做轉換 > apikey取代帳戶密碼,保障敏感資料不外洩 > 意思大概就是不要用 basic 驗證? > (答:所指的是 HTTP Basic Auth 嗎?) API Blueprint: MSON、Markdown Swagger ## Webhook http://webhooks.kewang.tw/ client <-> server -> vendor 實作方式:POST action - 將server的request與response用POST給vendor - 不可以讓webhook拖到api行為 - 避免影響API運作 - 在middleware新開thread或丟到MQ去執行 使用SSL - vendor不使用SSL -> 明碼出去,不建議 - vendor使用自簽憑證 -> 容易有error - vendor使用合法憑證 -> OK request token - 讓vendor驗證資料是從server來的 - 把雙方約定好的token放在header中再傳送 - vendor比較header是否與約定好的token相同 - 相同:資料未被竄改 - 不相同:資料被竄改 實作方式:HMAC-SHA256 - 把資料用server與vendor約好的token計算出HMAC-SHA256(H1) - server將資料與HMAC-SHA256直接傳送到vendor - vendor使用token將接收到的資料計算出HMAC-SHA256(H2) - 比較H1與H2是否相同 - 相同:資料未被竄改 - 不相同:資料被竄改 相同的data schema - openapi與webhook都是串接服務,應該data schema要相同 ## Summary - OpenAPI - 清楚的文件 - 不要用帳密,用token - 用middleware - Webhook - 清楚的文件 - 獨立thread運作 - 驗證來源是否合法 Qmi [http://www.qmi-promo.emome.net/qmi_c.html](http://www.qmi-promo.emome.net/qmi_c.html) ###### tags: `MW18`

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