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# 你的 JS 該減肥了!5個提升網頁載入速度的技巧 / Shubo(趙勗博) {%hackmd @ModernWeb/HkqZxb98v %} ### [簡報下載](https://s.itho.me/modernweb/2020/Slides/d502.pdf) > 共筆從這開始 > [前端工程師都該懂的6個網頁載入加速技巧 (加速 30% 真實案例分享) | Shubo’s Notes](https://shubo.io/optimize-loading-speed/) ## 1. 優化網頁載入速度 ### 為什麼要加快載入速度 * 載入速度 = 使用者體驗 * 根據 Amazon 內部統計,慢 100ms = 營收減少 1% * SEO ### 第一步:善用測速工具 * [Google PageSpeed Insight](https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/) ### 如何決定優化的優先順序 * 修正以後改善最多的項目 * 業務範圍中最容易改動的部分 * 先做出成果,得到主管信任,爭取更多優化空間 * 例:優化圖片尺寸,涉及 app 上傳 / 後端處理 * 例:優化 JavaScript bundle 體積,前端可自己修改 build 設定 (優先優化圖片尺寸) ## 2. 我的JS很肥會怎樣嗎? ### 瀏覽器運作原理 * 結論: JS bundle 越大,網頁載入越慢 * 瀏覽器:解析 HTML > 建立 DOM TREE > 渲染頁面 * JS "blocks" DOM tree 的建立過程 * 下載 + 執行 JS 越慢,block 越久,越慢渲染畫面 ### Code Splitting * 將單一JS檔案拆分成許多小塊 * 平行載入 * 有需要時才載入 * 各自可被快取 ## 3. 拆分出Vendor Bundle * Webpack runtime and manifest: 負責模組之間互動,體積可忽略不計 * Application Bundle: UI / 商業邏輯,經常變動 * Vendor Bundle: 第三方套件 / node_modules,不太變動 ### Why Vendor Bundle? * 通常變動不頻繁 * **可被快取** * 此配置在有 cache 情況下載入更快 ### 未優化Bundle的規劃 | | 桌機版 | 手機版 | 說明 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | arcade.js | 585KB | 426KB | 商業邏輯 | | omlib.js | 205KB | 205KB | 內部 lib/ API | | vendor.js | 366KB | 366KB | 第三方套件| | sum | 1156KB | 997KB | | ### 運用工具分析配置是否合理 * 運⽤ webpack-bundle-analyzer 作視覺化分析 * application bundle * 裡⾯有 node_modules * 併入 vendor bundle 更好 ### 取出 Vendor bundle * 將 node_modules 統一打包成 vendor.js * 結果 | | 桌機版 | 手機版 | 說明 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | arcade.js | ~~585KB~~ **310KB** | ~~426KB~~ **218KB**| **商業邏輯** | | omlib.js | **205KB** | **205KB** | **內部 lib/ API規格** | | vendor.js | ~~366KB~~ **632KB**| ~~366KB~~ **632KB** | **第三方套件** | | sum | 1156KB | ~~997KB~~1055KB* | | > 效果:減少 application bundle 的⼤⼩,加快再訪者載入速度 ## 4. Dynamic Loading * 對新用戶而言,網站整體大小不變 * 如何減少整體下載量?動態下載需要的模組 * ⽤到某段程式碼的時候才透過網路下載 JS bundle ### ESM import() * Webpack 支援 ESM import() 語法實現 dynamic import ### 根據路徑做 Dynamic Import * 為何根據路徑? * GA數據顯⽰使⽤者⼤多停留在熱⾨⾴⾯,換⾴次數少 * react-router ⽀援 dynamic import ![](https://i.imgur.com/iepy5ZX.png) | | 桌機版 | 手機版 | 說明 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | arcade.js | ~~310KB~~ **235KB** | ~~218KB~~ **189KB**| **商業邏輯** | | omlib.js | **205KB** | **205KB** | **第三方套件** | | vendor.js | **632KB**| **632KB** | **內部 lib/ API規格** | | sum | ~~1156KB~~ 1072KB* | ~~1055KB~~ 1026KB* | * 體積最⼤的⾸⾴~20KB | > 效果:減少 application bundle 下載量 ### 對肥大套件做 Dynamic import ![](https://i.imgur.com/vnHbK3F.png) * 哪些套件適合 dynamic import? * 很肥大 * 使用頻率低 * eg. JSZip (27KB), moment.js (64KB), request (70KB), hls.js (77KB) * 結果 | | 桌機版 | 手機版 | 說明 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | arcade.js | **235KB** | **189KB** | **商業邏輯** | | omlib.js | **205KB** | **205KB** | **內部 lib/ API規格** | | vendor.js | ~~632KB~~ **267KB**| ~~632KB~~ **267KB** | **第三方套件**| | sum | ~~1072KB~~ 784KB* | ~~1026KB~~ 707KB* | * 以使⽤頻率最⾼的⾸⾴為例 | > 效果:⼤幅減少整體下載量 ## 5. Tree-Shaking * 將沒有用到的程式碼從 JS bundle 中移除 * 必須使用 ESM import/export (靜態結構) ### 如何設定 Tree-shaking * 將專案中 CommonJS 的 require/module.exports 語法改寫成 ES Module 的 import/export 語法 * 在 package.json 中標示具有 side effets 的模組(例如CSS) * 結果 * ![](https://i.imgur.com/4wLLEKR.png) | | 桌機版 | 手機版 | 說明 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | arcade.js | **235KB** | **189KB** | **商業邏輯** | | omlib.js | ~~205KB~~ **87KB** | ~~205KB~~ **87KB** | **內部 lib/ API規格** | | vendor.js | **267KB**| **267KB** | **第三方套件**| | sum | ~~784KB~~ 666KB* | ~~707KB~~ 589KB* | | > 效果:⼤幅減少整體下載量 ## 6. 其他小技巧 ### 第三方套件使用 CDN 版本 * 經常被使用的第三方套件 eg. React/jQuery * 容易被快取 * react-dom: 36KB ### 使用 preset-env 減少 Polyfill 體積 * Polyfill: 讓舊的瀏覽器也能支援新的 API * preset-env: preset-2015 的加強版 * preset: babel-loader的語法 plugin 集合 * 根據支援瀏覽器清單,自動引入polyfill * 結果:~~31KB~~ 18KB * 最終結果 | | 桌機版 | 手機版 | 說明 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | arcade.js | ~~585KB~~ **235KB** | ~~426KB~~ **189KB** | **商業邏輯** | | omlib.js | ~~205KB~~ **87KB** | ~~205KB~~ **87KB** | **內部 lib/ API規格** | | vendor.js | ~~366KB~~ **267KB**| ~~366KB~~ **267KB** | **第三方套件**| | sum | ~~1156KB~~ 666KB(-43%) | ~~997KB~~ 589KB* (-41%)| | > 根據 GA 數據,平均載入所需時間減少 30% ## 結論 * 拆分出 vendor bundle * 根據路徑做 dynamic import * 對肥大第三方套件做 dynamic import * 使用 tree shaking 移除沒用到的程式碼 * 熱門第三方套件使用 CDN 版本 * 使用 preset-env 減少 Polyfill 體積 ###### tags: `MW20` `維運與測試` `負載平衡`

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