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    # OpenMP ## 硬體配置: 若是使用Virtual box或是其他虛擬機器,必須要先將處理器的數量調到大於一,否則不管使用何種平行化的程式設計,結果將不會產生任何平行化的效果。(我在這邊卡了好久,原來是CPU配置的問題...) Virtual box的處理器設定: (原本是 1CPU調整為4CPU) ![](https://i.imgur.com/s9XN9BQ.png) 調整完後,在terminal輸入: ```bash= $ lscpu ``` 便可以看到CPU的即時情況,也可以看到有4CPU(S)的資訊 ![](https://i.imgur.com/HRy7WrK.png) ## Start OpenMP 在使用OpenMP前要先引入標頭檔: ```c= #include <omp.h> ``` 先來看個簡單的範例: ```c= //multithread_test.c #include <stdio.h> #include <omp.h> int main(){ printf("I am master thread!\n"); #pragma omp parallel { printf("I am multithread!\n"); } return 0; } ``` 其中"#pragma omp parallel"是告訴程式在後面的括號中要進行多執行續的模式。 ```bash= #makefile: CC = gcc CFLAGS = -g -Wall -fopenmp OBJ = multithread_test all: $(OBJ) %: %.c $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ do: ./multithread_test clean: rm $(OBJ) ``` 而後在linux的編譯環境下,若是要使用OpenMP的function,則需要在編譯時加上編譯參數"-fopenmp",才能成功的致能。編譯後執行的結果如下: ![](https://i.imgur.com/5X0P5Tu.png) 可以觀察到在多執行緒的區塊中printf被執行了四次(預設執行緒為4:defaut # of thread = 4)。 ## 設定執行緒數量: ```c= //用來設定要有多少個執行緒 #pragma omp parallel num_threads() //也可以先設定要有多少執行緒,再做平行化: omp_set_thread_num() #pragma omp parallel //得知是第幾個執行緒(index從0開始): int omp_get_thread_num() ``` ```c= #include <stdio.h> #include <omp.h> int main(){ #pragma omp parallel num_threads(4) { int ID = omp_get_thread_num(); printf("Thread number = %d\n", ID); } printf("----------------------------\n"); omp_set_num_threads(3); #pragma omp parallel { int ID = omp_get_thread_num(); printf("Thread number = %d\n", ID); } return 0; } ``` 結果: ![](https://i.imgur.com/3pe8quV.png) 可以看到若是初始化執行緒數量為n,則thread num =0~n-1 ## 平行化for loop: 有兩種方法,如下:都是先設定執行緒的數量為4,而後針對for loop進行平行化。 ```c= #include <stdio.h> #include <omp.h> int main(){ #pragma omp parallel num_threads(4) { #pragma omp for for (int i = 0; i < 12;i++){ int ID = omp_get_thread_num(); printf("CPU<%d>: %d\n",ID, i); } } printf("-------------------\n"); omp_set_num_threads(4); #pragma omp parallel for for (int i = 0; i < 12;i++){ int ID = omp_get_thread_num(); printf("CPU<%d>: %d\n",ID, i); } printf("\n"); return 0; } ``` 結果: ![](https://i.imgur.com/S5nXxLJ.png) 可以看到這兩種方法都確實將for loop要做的工作分配給了4個CPU個別去執行。另外,也可以從印出的結果發現OpenMP在分配工作給CPU時,是將連續的區塊分給同一個CPU,剛好也滿足先前所提到的spatial locality的優化。接下來便要將openmp的平行化程式設計應用在先前提到的矩陣乘法上。

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