Ci Ty Chen
    • Create new note
    • Create a note from template
      • Sharing URL Link copied
      • /edit
      • View mode
        • Edit mode
        • View mode
        • Book mode
        • Slide mode
        Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
      • Customize slides
      • Note Permission
      • Read
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Write
        • Only me
        • Signed-in users
        • Everyone
        Only me Signed-in users Everyone
      • Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
      • Invitee
    • Publish Note

      Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

      Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
      Your note is now live.
      This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
      Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
      See published notes
      Unpublish note
      Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
      View profile
    • Commenting
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
      • Everyone
    • Suggest edit
      Permission
      Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
    • Enable
    • Permission
      • Forbidden
      • Owners
      • Signed-in users
    • Emoji Reply
    • Enable
    • Versions and GitHub Sync
    • Note settings
    • Engagement control
    • Transfer ownership
    • Delete this note
    • Save as template
    • Insert from template
    • Import from
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
      • Clipboard
    • Export to
      • Dropbox
      • Google Drive
      • Gist
    • Download
      • Markdown
      • HTML
      • Raw HTML
Menu Note settings Sharing URL Create Help
Create Create new note Create a note from template
Menu
Options
Versions and GitHub Sync Engagement control Transfer ownership Delete this note
Import from
Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
Export to
Dropbox Google Drive Gist
Download
Markdown HTML Raw HTML
Back
Sharing URL Link copied
/edit
View mode
  • Edit mode
  • View mode
  • Book mode
  • Slide mode
Edit mode View mode Book mode Slide mode
Customize slides
Note Permission
Read
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Write
Only me
  • Only me
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Only me Signed-in users Everyone
Engagement control Commenting, Suggest edit, Emoji Reply
Invitee
Publish Note

Share your work with the world Congratulations! 🎉 Your note is out in the world Publish Note

Your note will be visible on your profile and discoverable by anyone.
Your note is now live.
This note is visible on your profile and discoverable online.
Everyone on the web can find and read all notes of this public team.
See published notes
Unpublish note
Please check the box to agree to the Community Guidelines.
View profile
Engagement control
Commenting
Permission
Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Enable
Permission
  • Forbidden
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
  • Everyone
Suggest edit
Permission
Disabled Forbidden Owners Signed-in users Everyone
Enable
Permission
  • Forbidden
  • Owners
  • Signed-in users
Emoji Reply
Enable
Import from Dropbox Google Drive Gist Clipboard
   owned this note    owned this note      
Published Linked with GitHub
Subscribed
  • Any changes
    Be notified of any changes
  • Mention me
    Be notified of mention me
  • Unsubscribe
Subscribe
--- tags: LinQ , C# , Generation Operators --- # Repeat & Range & Empty & DefaultIfEmpty Generation Operators 可以幫助我們快速產生常見樣式的資料集合. 也就是說這些方法不需要提供類似型式的資料集合作為方法的輸入參數 , 並且回傳會 IEnumerable<T> 型態的資料集合. 例如 : 產生一個陣列後不需要手動地透過迴圈去塞值 , 而是可以透過一個方法產生這樣的陣列. 隸屬於 Generation Operators 的方法有 1. Repet ( Enumerable 類別內的**靜態**方法 ) 1. Range ( Enumerable 類別內的**靜態**方法 ) 1. Empty ( Enumerable 類別內的**靜態**方法 ) 1. DefaultIfEmpty ( Enumerable 類別內的擴充方法 ) ### Repeat Repeat 方法可以產生指定數量重複值的序列. ```C# public static IEnumerable<TResult> Repeat(TResult element, int count); ``` - element : 需要重複的值 - count : 重複的數量 #### 使用時機 - 需要快速產生具有重複值的序列. - 例如 : 快速初始化一個裡面全部塞某個值的陣列. - var array = new int[]{1,1,1,1,1} - 雖然我們可以透過上述語法初始化一個陣列 , 但卻必須自己手動的填入內容值. 但使用 Repeat 方法卻僅需要填入兩個參數即可 (雖然型態是 Enumerable , 之後需要再使用 toArray() ) , 並且陣列大小將是動態決定的 , 由第二個參數 count 來決定. #### Repeat 的用法 ```C# // 印出 I am City ~~ 四次 static void Main(string[] args) { IEnumerable<string> strings = Enumerable.Repeat("I am City ~~", 4); foreach (var str in strings) { Console.WriteLine(str); } Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 I am City ~~ I am City ~~ I am City ~~ I am City ~~ ```C# // 印出5層的小星星 static void Main(string[] args) { for (var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { // Join 使用 "" 作為每一個 * 的分隔符號. 將集合成員合併為一個字串 string star = string.Join("", Enumerable.Repeat("*", i)); Console.WriteLine(star); } Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 \* \** \*** \**** \***** #### 簡單實作自己的 Repeat ```C# public static IEnumerable<TResult> MyRepeat<TResult>(TResult element, int count) { if (count < 0) { throw new Exception("count is less than zero"); } return MyRepeatIterator(element, count); } private static IEnumerable<TResult> MyRepeatIterator<TResult>(TResult element, int count) { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { yield return element; } } ``` --- ### Range 相對於 Repeat 能夠產生以某個值作為重複值的序列 , Range 能夠產生的序列是由**遞增排序的數字**組成. ```C# public static IEnumerable<int> Range(int start, int count); ``` - start : 序列的起始值 - count : **序列的數量** (不是終止值 :scream: ) #### 使用時機 - 需要快速產生具有遞增排序的數字的序列 - 通常之後會再搭配 select 去將數字轉成對應的值. - ```C# // 製造 pow . var pow = Enumerable.Range(1,5).Select(n => n * n).ToList() ``` - 可以用來取代基本形式的 for 迴圈 - 與 select 搭配 , 甚至可以取代 for 迴圈. 有點像是 Python 的感覺. 至於哪個好 , 就見仁見智了XD - ```C# // 取出位置 2,4,6 的值 var arr = new int[8]; var list = Enumerable.Range(1,3).Select(n => arr[n * 2]).ToList() ``` #### Range 的用法 ```C# // 印出 5 層的小星星 static void Main(string[] args) { var stars = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(i => string.Join("", Enumerable.Repeat("*", i))) .ToList(); stars.ForEach(star => Console.WriteLine(star)) Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 \* \** \*** \**** \***** #### 簡單實作自己的 Range ```C# public static IEnumerable<int> MyRange(int start, int count) { long max = (long)count + start - 1; if (count < 0 || max > int.MaxValue) { throw new Exception("out of range"); } return MyRangeIterator(start, count); } private static IEnumerable<int> MyRangeIterator(int start, int count) { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { yield return start + i; } } ``` --- ### Empty 回傳一個 IEnumerable<TResult> 型態的空序列. ```C# public static IEnumerable<TResult> Empty<TResult>(); ``` #### 使用時機 1. 臨時需要一個 IEnumerable<T> 型態的空序列. 2. 採用獨體模式(Singleton Pattern)的設計 , 因此每次呼叫都是同一個實體. 所以即使有十個變數 , 仍只會 new 一次. 可以減少 GC 的介入. 提高效能. - ```C# var set = Enumerable.Empty<string>(); var set2 = Enumerable.Empty<string>(); Console.WriteLine($"{set == set2} {set.Equals(set2)} {ReferenceEquals(set, set2)}"); ``` - ![96V8c3N.png](https://github.com/s0920832252/LinQ-Note/blob/master/Resources/96V8c3N.png?raw=true) #### [Empty 的用法](https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-tw/dotnet/api/system.linq.enumerable.empty?view=netframework-4.8) ```C# string[] names1 = { "Hartono, Tommy" }; string[] names2 = { "Adams, Terry", "Andersen, Henriette Thaulow", "Hedlund, Magnus", "Ito, Shu" }; string[] names3 = { "Solanki, Ajay", "Hoeing, Helge", "Andersen, Henriette Thaulow", "Potra, Cristina", "Iallo, Lucio" }; List<string[]> namesList = new List<string[]> { names1, names2, names3 }; // Only include arrays that have four or more elements IEnumerable<string> allNames = namesList.Aggregate(Enumerable.Empty<string>(), (current, next) => next.Length > 3 ? current.Union(next) : current); foreach (string name in allNames) { Console.WriteLine(name); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 Adams, Terry Andersen, Henriette Thaulow Hedlund, Magnus Ito, Shu Solanki, Ajay Hoeing, Helge Potra, Cristina Iallo, Lucio #### 簡單實作自己的 Empty ```CE public static IEnumerable<TResult> MyEmpty<TResult>() => Array.Empty<TResult>(); ``` #### 參考資源 1. [Enumerable.Empty() vs new ‘IEnumerable’() – what’s better?](https://agirlamonggeeks.com/2019/03/22/enumerable-empty-vs-new-ienumerable-whats-better/) 1. [Is it better to use Enumerable.Empty<T>() as opposed to new List<T>() to initialize an IEnumerable<T>?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1894038/is-it-better-to-use-enumerable-emptyt-as-opposed-to-new-listt-to-initial) 1. [new object[] {} vs Array.Empty<object>()](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53071157/new-object-vs-array-emptyobject) 1. [In C#, should I use string.Empty or String.Empty or “” to intitialize a string?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/263191/in-c-should-i-use-string-empty-or-string-empty-or-to-intitialize-a-string) --- ### DefaultIfEmpty 如果序列是空的 , 則傳回塞入一個預設值的序列. 1. DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source) - 傳回指定之序列的項目;如果序列是空的,則傳回單一集合中型別參數的預設值。 1. DefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource defaultValue) - 傳回指定之序列的項目;如果序列是空的,則傳回單一集合中型別參數的預設值。 - 這兩個過載方法的差異在預設值是使用 TSource 的預設值 還是由使用者指定. #### 使用時機 - 需要序列必定不為空的時候 - 需要依據不同情況給予預設值 #### DefaultIfEmpty 的用法 ```C# static void Main(string[] args) { List<(int id, string name)> vs = new List<(int id, string name)>(); List<(int id, string name)> vs2 = new List<(int id, string name)>() { (5, "大王"), (1, "小黃") }; var collect = vs.DefaultIfEmpty(); // int 預設值 => 0 , string 預設值 => "" var collect2 = vs.DefaultIfEmpty<(int id, string name)>((-1, "測試")); var collect3 = vs2.DefaultIfEmpty<(int id, string name)>((-1, "測試")); collect.ToList().ForEach(coll => Console.WriteLine($"{coll.id} {coll.name}")); Console.WriteLine(); collect2.ToList().ForEach(coll => Console.WriteLine($"{coll.id} {coll.name}")); Console.WriteLine(); collect3.ToList().ForEach(coll => Console.WriteLine($"{coll.id} {coll.name}")); Console.ReadKey(); } ``` ##### 輸出結果 ![wU9yMfy.png](https://github.com/s0920832252/LinQ-Note/blob/master/Resources/wU9yMfy.png?raw=true) #### 簡單實作自己的 DefaultIfEmpty ```C# public static IEnumerable<TSource> MyDefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source) { return MyDefaultIfEmpty(source, default); } public static IEnumerable<TSource> MyDefaultIfEmpty<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource defaultValue) { if (source == null) throw new Exception("source is null"); return MyDefaultIfEmptyIterator(source, defaultValue); } public static IEnumerable<TSource> MyDefaultIfEmptyIterator<TSource>(IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource defaultValue) { var enumerator = source.GetEnumerator(); bool hasItem = enumerator.MoveNext(); if (hasItem) { do { yield return enumerator.Current; } while (enumerator.MoveNext()); } else { yield return defaultValue; } } ``` ### Summary - 如果想獲得一個特定型式的序列 , 也許可以使用 - Enumerable.Repeat - Enumerable.Range - 如果想獲得一個空序列 , 使用 Enumerable.Empty<T> - 如果想给空序列一個預設值,使用 Enumerable.DefaultIfEmpty --- ### Thank you! You can find me on - [GitHub](https://github.com/s0920832252) - [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/fourtune.chen) 若有謬誤 , 煩請告知 , 新手發帖請多包涵 # :100: :muscle: :tada: :sheep:

Import from clipboard

Paste your markdown or webpage here...

Advanced permission required

Your current role can only read. Ask the system administrator to acquire write and comment permission.

This team is disabled

Sorry, this team is disabled. You can't edit this note.

This note is locked

Sorry, only owner can edit this note.

Reach the limit

Sorry, you've reached the max length this note can be.
Please reduce the content or divide it to more notes, thank you!

Import from Gist

Import from Snippet

or

Export to Snippet

Are you sure?

Do you really want to delete this note?
All users will lose their connection.

Create a note from template

Create a note from template

Oops...
This template has been removed or transferred.
Upgrade
All
  • All
  • Team
No template.

Create a template

Upgrade

Delete template

Do you really want to delete this template?
Turn this template into a regular note and keep its content, versions, and comments.

This page need refresh

You have an incompatible client version.
Refresh to update.
New version available!
See releases notes here
Refresh to enjoy new features.
Your user state has changed.
Refresh to load new user state.

Sign in

Forgot password

or

By clicking below, you agree to our terms of service.

Sign in via Facebook Sign in via Twitter Sign in via GitHub Sign in via Dropbox Sign in with Wallet
Wallet ( )
Connect another wallet

New to HackMD? Sign up

Help

  • English
  • 中文
  • Français
  • Deutsch
  • 日本語
  • Español
  • Català
  • Ελληνικά
  • Português
  • italiano
  • Türkçe
  • Русский
  • Nederlands
  • hrvatski jezik
  • język polski
  • Українська
  • हिन्दी
  • svenska
  • Esperanto
  • dansk

Documents

Help & Tutorial

How to use Book mode

Slide Example

API Docs

Edit in VSCode

Install browser extension

Contacts

Feedback

Discord

Send us email

Resources

Releases

Pricing

Blog

Policy

Terms

Privacy

Cheatsheet

Syntax Example Reference
# Header Header 基本排版
- Unordered List
  • Unordered List
1. Ordered List
  1. Ordered List
- [ ] Todo List
  • Todo List
> Blockquote
Blockquote
**Bold font** Bold font
*Italics font* Italics font
~~Strikethrough~~ Strikethrough
19^th^ 19th
H~2~O H2O
++Inserted text++ Inserted text
==Marked text== Marked text
[link text](https:// "title") Link
![image alt](https:// "title") Image
`Code` Code 在筆記中貼入程式碼
```javascript
var i = 0;
```
var i = 0;
:smile: :smile: Emoji list
{%youtube youtube_id %} Externals
$L^aT_eX$ LaTeX
:::info
This is a alert area.
:::

This is a alert area.

Versions and GitHub Sync
Get Full History Access

  • Edit version name
  • Delete

revision author avatar     named on  

More Less

Note content is identical to the latest version.
Compare
    Choose a version
    No search result
    Version not found
Sign in to link this note to GitHub
Learn more
This note is not linked with GitHub
 

Feedback

Submission failed, please try again

Thanks for your support.

On a scale of 0-10, how likely is it that you would recommend HackMD to your friends, family or business associates?

Please give us some advice and help us improve HackMD.

 

Thanks for your feedback

Remove version name

Do you want to remove this version name and description?

Transfer ownership

Transfer to
    Warning: is a public team. If you transfer note to this team, everyone on the web can find and read this note.

      Link with GitHub

      Please authorize HackMD on GitHub
      • Please sign in to GitHub and install the HackMD app on your GitHub repo.
      • HackMD links with GitHub through a GitHub App. You can choose which repo to install our App.
      Learn more  Sign in to GitHub

      Push the note to GitHub Push to GitHub Pull a file from GitHub

        Authorize again
       

      Choose which file to push to

      Select repo
      Refresh Authorize more repos
      Select branch
      Select file
      Select branch
      Choose version(s) to push
      • Save a new version and push
      • Choose from existing versions
      Include title and tags
      Available push count

      Pull from GitHub

       
      File from GitHub
      File from HackMD

      GitHub Link Settings

      File linked

      Linked by
      File path
      Last synced branch
      Available push count

      Danger Zone

      Unlink
      You will no longer receive notification when GitHub file changes after unlink.

      Syncing

      Push failed

      Push successfully