Kai Chen
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    # 虎年行大運 ~ SpringCloud - 負載平衡架構的歷史 ## 【前言】 要進到分散式架構以前,首先聊聊過往為了處理負載平衡的系統架構設計類型。 為什麼會需要負載平衡這種服務存在呢? 那是因為在日益成長的用戶使用量上,就算是硬體擴充,也有其負擔的極限。秉著工程師們引以為傲的演算法設計概念,這種事情也一定有可以解的方法,為此良好的服務分流概念便逐步被人設計了出來,不論是現在常用的負載平衡甚至後續的微服務架構,其目標都是為了減輕流量負擔的作法。 在這裡要介紹的負載平衡架構大致分成了兩類:**Server 端負載平衡**和 **Client 端負載平衡** 一如其名,指的就是在哪一端去執行平衡的動作。 下面用簡單的發展圖示說明~ ## 【Server 端負載平衡】 搭配下圖說明整個結構的發展由來~ * Step_1 一台正常規格的伺服器,面對數十人、數百人的使用量還算是負擔的起 * Step_2 達到數千、數萬人開始便顯得吃力 * Step_3 我們想加入一台新的伺服器(81),但透過 Host 的方式,使用者們只會連到 80 那台而已 * Step_4 此時我們針對 Host 的部分,加入了負載平衡器(80),讓他去分配使用者連線時該去哪一台伺服器 * Step_5 但又有問題了,因為連線是由負載平衡決定的,因此當一個使用者的資料存於 A 伺服器,但下一次想要提取的時候卻連線到 B 伺服器,便會出現沒有資料可以提取的狀況 * Step_6 在資料的部分增加了快取伺服器,讓所有伺服器統一到一個地方提取資料,避免有誤。此作法同樣適用於 DB 設計。 至此完成了最基本款的 Server 端負載平衡! ![](https://i.imgur.com/Xl52n7M.png) ## 【Client 端負載平衡】 搭配下圖說明~ * Step_1~3 與 Server 端一樣,不多加說明 * Step_4 針對 Host 的部分,加入了註冊中心(80),讓他去紀錄有哪些伺服器註冊其中 * Step_5 使用者們後續會與註冊中心連線,與負載平衡器的不同點在於: 每個硬體設備會有其極限,負載平衡器也不例外,因此不可能為了負載平衡器又做出了一個負載平衡 **負載平衡器** 的架構出來 * Step_6 使用者們與註冊中心連線後,註冊中心返回目前的註冊清單 * Step_7 取得清單後,由使用者們自己的電腦去進行輪巡,去連結各個伺服器,減輕伺服端的負擔 ![](https://i.imgur.com/5JyCxZ2.png) 首頁 [Kai 個人技術 Hackmd](/2G-RoB0QTrKzkftH2uLueA) ###### tags: `SpringCloud`

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