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    ## 多代理設計模式統整: | 設計模式 | 概述 | 分類 | 生活類比 | | --- | --- | :---: | --- | | 黑板模式(Blackboard Pattern) | 代理人在資料中心(黑板)讀寫、分享資訊、協力工作 | :handshake: | 專家們圍繞黑板協作 | | 合約網路協定(Contract Net Protocol) | 代理人首領發起競標,並派遣任務給贏家,贏家完成任務後報告結果 | :handshake: | 自由業者們競爭標案 | | 市場模式(Market-Based Pattern) | 代理人們權衡自身資源,並依市場機制完成任務 | :handshake: | 資本主義 | | 階級組織(Hierarchical Organisation) | 代理人們在~~奴隸~~階級制度下工作 | :classical_building: | 傳統公司結構 | | 扁平組織(Flat Organisation) | 代理人們在平等同事關係中工作 | :classical_building: | 老師(領導)和學生們(同儕) | | 全息組織(Holonic Organisation) | 代理人們動態形成子群,且子群們集結、像個大個體般活動 | :classical_building: | 盤基網柄菌(_Dictyostelium discoideum_) | | 聯邦組織(Federated Organisation) | 代理人們形成群體,群體共組聯邦 | :classical_building: | 州政府之間的關係 | | 聯盟組織(Coalition organisation) | 代理人們形成暫時、動態的群體,以達成共同目標 | :classical_building: | 同經紀公司下的藝人們 | | 角色分配模式(Role assignment pattern) | 代理人(們)依預訂規則扮演、切換角色以完成任務 | :performing_arts: | Cosplayer | | 團隊合作模式(Teamwork Pattern) | 代理人們依預訂規則組團,以實現專業分工 | :performing_arts: | 草帽海賊團 | | 信念-慾望-意圖(BDI)架構(Belief-Desire-Intention Architecture) | 代理人基於信念制定計劃以實現慾望(任務) | :thought_balloon: | 愛吃甜食的小孩 | 圖例: * :handshake:: 依合作模式分類 * :classical_building: 依組織架構分類 * :performing_arts: 依角色分類 * :thought_balloon: 依認知分類 <br> --- <br> ### 商業組織架構 對照 多代理設計模式 | 商業組織架構 | 多代理設計模式 (Multi-agent design patterns) | 對應與說明 | | --- | --- | --- | | 階級制 (Hierarchical structure) | 階級組織 (Hierarchical Organisation) | 直接對應,上下級關係明顯。功能制、事業部制、矩陣制、直線制,皆屬階級制範疇 | | 功能制 (Functional Structure) | 階級組織 (Hierarchical Organisation) | 「功能部門」即階級組織的「子部門」,故屬階級組織 | | 事業部制 (Divisional Structure) | 階級組織 (Hierarchical Organisation) | 「事業部」即階級組織的「子部門」,按產品、服務或市場劃分 | | 矩陣制 (Matrix Structure) | 階級組織 (Hierarchical Organisation) \+ 角色分配模式 (role assignment pattern) | 上下從屬關係 -> 階級組織。員工在不同團隊扮演不同角色 -> 角色分配模式 | | 直線制 (Line Structure) | 階級組織 (Hierarchical Organisation) | 小型組織的垂直結構,是最簡單的階級組織 | | 水平\/扁平制 (Horizontal \/ Flat Structure) | 扁平組織 (Flat Organisation) | 直接對應,強調同儕關係、減少層級 | | 網絡制 (Network Structure) | 聯邦組織 (Federated Organisation) + 市場模式 (Market-Based Pattern) | 核心成員與衛星辦公室、合作夥伴的關係,類似聯邦組織各群體透過協調者溝通、去中心化的形式。「開放溝通」特性也有市場模式中,自由交易與協商的意味 | | 環圈制 (Circular Structure) | 扁平組織 (Flat Organisation) \+ 黑板模式 (Blackboard Pattern) | 領導者在中心向外傳遞訊息,弱化由上而下的階級指令。中心領導者可視為「黑板模式」的資訊中心(人當黑板),負責共享資訊 | | 流程導向制 (Process-based Structure) | 角色分配模式 (role assignment pattern) \+ 黑板模式 (Blackboard Pattern) | 流程導向強調「順序」,不同階段可能由不同角色負責,符合「角色分配模式」。「各流程資訊共享」的特徵,形似黑板模式 | | 團隊制 (Team-based Structure) | 團隊合作模式 (Teamwork Pattern) | 直接對應,運作基本單位為「團隊」 | | 猛虎隊 (Tiger Team) | 團隊合作模式 (Teamwork Pattern) | 為特定目標組成專家團隊,是「團隊合作模式」的特例,更強調專業性 | | Scrum 團隊 (Scrum Team) | 團隊合作模式 (Teamwork Pattern) \+ 角色分配模式 (role assignment pattern) \+ BDI 架構 (Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) Architecture) | Scrum 團隊含產品負責人、管理者、開發者等角色,符合「團隊合作模式」和「角色分配模式」。迭代式開發與持續回饋機制,也體現 BDI 架構基於信念(Sprint Review 的回饋)調整目標與計畫的特性 |

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